05/17:歴史の交錯「侍を見切った男と侍になりたかった男と
年間(Link)表
歴史暦:古今東西 05/17 今日の出來事
一人は、侍を見切って奇兵隊を作った男、高杉晉作183967、功業半ばで肺結核に冒され病死。
「おもしろきこともなき世をおもしろく」
と口癖のやうに云ってゐたのであらう、その後句を知り合ひの尼さんが
「すみなすものは心なりけり」
と付けた。私なら
「生きるは、うき世なればなりけり」
と付ける。
もし、晉作が維新後も生きてゐたらどうなってゐただらう。おとなしく公人に収まってゐる彼の姿などは想像しにくい。大道藝で壯士劇でも演じてゐる彼を想像したくなる。
もう一人は、侍になりたくて新撰組を作った男、近藤勇183468、戊辰戰爭に敗走して捕まり、侍として切腹斬首によりこの世を立ち去った。さぞかし本望であったらう。辭世も七言絶句で格式張って、二つまでも作ってゐる。心底、武士になりたかったのだ。その二作目、
靡他今日復何言 取義捨生吾所尊 快受電光三尺劔 只將一死報君恩
他に靡き今日また何をか言はん、義を取り生を捨つるは我が尊ぶ所 快く受けん電光三尺の劍、ただに一死をもつて君恩に報ひん
苦勞して捻りだした辭世にケチを付けるやうで申し訳ないが、どこかで聞いたことのある詩句だなと思って「電光影裏に春風を切る」と思ひだされた。鎌倉時代に中國から渡來した禪僧、無學祖元122686 が官兵に切られさうになった時に吐いた有名な詩偈だ。
乾坤無地卓孤、且喜人空法亦空、珍重大元三尺劍、電光影裏斬春風。
彼は、生き殘ってゐれば、不平分子の親玉にでもなって、愛刀虎鐵を振り囘し、さらに勇名を馳せてゐたであらう。こっちのはうは十中八九、まちがひあるまい。
ま、二人とも、ちょうどいい頃に死んだ、と云ふべきであらう。
憂鬱げな晉作と陽氣な感じの伊藤俊輔、その對比。この寫眞のおかげで晉作により好感を持ち、傍らの伊藤俊輔(後に総理大臣になる伊藤博文182109)にたいしても同じ長州、奇兵隊あがりの山縣有朋183822ほどの嫌惡感を抱かないですんでゐる。
1155/0517:『愚管抄』作者 慈圓115525、生
Jien était un poète, historien et Bhikṣu japonais.
Jien est le fils de Fujiwara no Tadamichi, membre de la puissante et aristocratique famille Fujiwara 藤原氏. Très jeune, il rejoint un monastère bouddhiste de la secte Tendai 天臺宗 et prend tout d'abord le nom bouddhiste de Dokaie qu'il changera plus tard en Jien.
Il commence par étudier et écrire l'Histoire du Japon, son propos étant d'« éclairer ceux qui peinent à comprendre les vicissitudes de la vie ». Son chef-d'œuvre est achevé vers 1220 et humblement intitulé Gukanshō 『愚管抄』que l'on peut traduire par Le pas grand-chose d'un presque rien. Dans cet ouvrage, il tente d'analyser les faits et évènements de l'histoire japonaise.
Il est le 95e poète du fameux recueil de Oguro Hyakunin-isshu (小倉百人一首)
天臺座主。それよりも、日本史にとって重要な意義を持つ歴史書『愚管抄』の作者、
1395/0517:Battle of Rovine, Wallachians defeat
an invading Ottoman army.
1510/0517:イタリアルネサンス Sandro Botticelli 144510、死
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, noto come Sandro Botticelli, è un pittore italiano. Botticelli è uno dei più importanti pittori del Rinascimento italiano e della storia dell'arte.
1521/0517:Henry III の犠牲者、Edward Stafford、処刑、斷首
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for treason.
大司馬バッキンガム公エドワード・スタフォードが反逆の容疑で処刑。
https://is.gd/cYOcHu Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham - Wikipedia
# Henry III 120772、邪魔者は消せと
# Buckingham was one of few peers 貴族 with substantial Plantagenet blood and maintained numerous connections, often among his extended family, with the rest of the upper aristocracy, which activities attracted Henry's suspicion. During 1520, Buckingham became suspected of potentially treasonous actions and Henry VIII authorised an investigation. The King personally examined witnesses against him, gathering enough evidence for a trial. The Duke was finally summoned to Court in April 1521 and arrested and placed in the Tower. He was tried before a panel of 17 peers, being accused of listening to prophecies of the King's death and intending to kill the King. He was executed on Tower Hill on 17 May. Buckingham was posthumously attainted by Act of Parliament on 31 July 1523, disinheriting most of his wealth from his children. Wikipedia en
1536/0517:Henry III の犠牲者、George Boleyn、処刑、斷首
George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford and four other men are executed for treason.
annulation du mariage d'Anne Boleyn d'avec Henri VIII d'Angleterre et exécution de George Boleyn, son frère.
George Boleyn 150336:Anne Boleyn 150736 兄、妹との近親相姦を Henry III 120772 に疑はれ妹ともどもロンドン塔で斷首
# George Boleyn and the other four men were beheaded on Tower Hill on the morning of 17 May 1536. George's scaffold speech was extremely long and exemplified the orator's linguistic skills. For it to have been recorded in as much detail as it was, the vast crowd who witnessed the executions must have been virtually silent, and there could have been little booing or jeering as with normal state executions. His scaffold speech was primarily concerned with defending his religious beliefs and his passion for reform. It was not the honourable thing to deny guilt once a guilty verdict had been given in a court of law, and therefore he followed the conventions of the day by admitting he was a sinner deserving of death. He begged forgiveness of anyone he may have offended and begged for God's forgiveness. He came close to denying his guilt by declaring, beware, trust not in the vanity of the world or the flatterys of the court, or the favour and treacheries of fortune. He said he would be alive if he had not done so. By blaming fortune for his fall he came as close as he dared to denying his guilt (i.e., he was dying because luck had been against him, not because he was guilty). He then went on to speak of his religious convictions before calmly submitting his neck to the axe. Anne was beheaded two days later.
1590/0517:Anne of Denmark is crowned Queen of Scotland.
In Holyrood Anna of Denmark, crowned Queen of Scotland since the beginning of the year, was crowned by King James VI.
1606/0517:
The false Dimitri, who became the alleged son of Ivan IV during the turmoil of Russia, is murdered by rebellious nobles under the leadership of Vasili Shuiski.
Ложная Димитрий, который стал как предполагаемого сына Ивана IV во время Смутного времени царя России, убит возмущающих дворяне во главе с Василий Шуиски.
ドミトリ二世と呼ばれた彼が暗殺されると、偽ドミトリ二世、三世と現れた。
# On the morning of 17 May 1606, ten days after Dmitry's marriage to Tsarina Marina, a massive number of boyars and commoners stormed the Kremlin. Tsar Dmitry tried to flee, jumping out a window, but fractured his leg in the fall. He fled to a bathhouse and attempted to disappear within, but was recognized and dragged out before the populace by the boyars, who killed the tsar lest he successfully muster an appeal to the crowd. His body was put on display and then cremated, with the ashes allegedly shot from a cannon towards Poland. According to Palitsyn, Dmitry's death was followed by the massacre of his supporters. Palitsyn boasted in his chronicle that, "a great amount of heretical blood was spilled on the streets of Moscow." Wikipedia en
1648/0517:三十年戰爭「Battle of Zusmarshausen」in Bavaria
is the last major battle in the Thirty Years' War with the participation of foreign armies on German soil. The armies of France and Sweden defeated the united imperial and Bavarian army.
1697/0517:Stockholm、大火
Die königliche Burg Tre Kronor in Stockholm fällt einem Brand zum Opfer, der das Bauwerk fast völlig zerstört.
1749/0517:種痘の医師 Edward Jenner 174923、誕生
an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.
The terms "vaccine" and "vaccination" are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox.
He used it in 1796 in the long title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.
1792/0517:USA、NYC 株式取引所、開設
New York Stock Exchange is formed under the Buttonwood Agreement.
NYCの株式仲買人が「すずかけ協定」を結び、ウォル街での証券取引が始まる。NY証券取引所がこゝから始まる。
1809/0517:ナポレオン、教皇國をフランスに併呑
Napoleon Bonaparte a décrété l'annexion des Etats pontificaux pour son empire.
Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire.
1814/0517:モナコの占領國、フランスからオウストリアに
Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian.
1814/0517:ノルヱイ、不可解な獨立劇
The Constitution of Norway is signed and Crown Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark is elected King of Norway by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly.
1818/0517:日本地圖制作者 伊能忠敬174518、死去
Inō Tadataka was a Japanese surveyor and cartographer. He is known for completing the first map of Japan using modern surveying techniques.
1817文化14年には間宮林蔵が、忠敬が測量してゐなかった蝦夷地の測量情報を持參した。
地圖の作成作業は、文化14年中に終らせる予定であったが、予定は大幅に遅れた。原因は、忠敬が地圖投影法の理論に不慣れなためで、各地の地圖を一枚に綜合しようとしたがうまく繋がらなかった。その修整に手間取ったのである。
しかも、忠敬の體調が秋頃から惡化、喘息がひどくなり、床につくこともおほくなった。
それでも文化十四年中は頑張ったが、明けて文政元年となるとにはかに體調衰へ、そして遂に四月十三日(旧暦)、弟子に見守られながら、七十四歳の生涯を閉ぢた。
1833/0517:メキシコ立國時、將軍と大統領を往來した男、
Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón 179476、メキシコ大統領に就任
有能な軍人であり、そのため、何度も大統領に選ばれたが、政治家としては軍人ほどの能力は持ち合はせてゐなかったらしい。が、いづれにせよ、メキシコ獨立後の四十年間、彼は將軍と大統領と、時には同時に務めて、メキシコ立國の功勞者となった。が、彼の失政でメキシコが失ったものも少なくなかった。
1838/05:Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 175438、死去
「タレラン」un homme d'État et diplomate français,
Il a travaillé au plus haut niveau des gouvernements français successifs, le plus souvent en tant que ministre des affaires étrangères ou dans d'autres fonctions diplomatiques. Sa carrière s'étend sur les régimes de Louis XVI, les années de la Révolution française, Napoléon, Louis XVIII et Louis-Philippe.
Ceux qu'il servait se méfiaient souvent de Talleyrand mais, comme Napoléon, le trouvaient extrêmement utile.
Le nom "Talleyrand" est devenu synonyme de diplomatie rusée et cynique.
Le peintre Eugène Delacroix 179863 est soupçonné d'être son fils en raison de sa proximité et de la protection du gouvernement français.
1861/0517:Maxwell、講義のなかで初めて「カラア写真」を紹介
The Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell introduces the first color photo in a lecture at the Royal Institution.
1861/0517:イギリス人、觀光ビジネスのアイデアをものにする
Thomas Cook organizes the first package with accommodation and food. British workers travel by ship and train to Paris.
熱心な禁酒運動家であったクックが禁酒運動の集會に參加すべくロンドン通りで駅馬車を待ってゐる時、彼はふと閃いた「禁酒論者を相手に団体旅行を提供してはどうか」と。彼は早速、鐵道會社にかけあったみた。
1841/0705、鐵道會社に臨時列車を出させ、乘客は往復運賃と食事代込みで1シリングといふ安價で日帰り旅行ができるツアを催した。以後、彼はこの手法でツアリズムを(ロンドン萬博もあって)イギリスに定着させ、1855のパリ萬博、1869の大陸横断鐵道やスエズ運河の開通などの機会を捉へて海外旅行も手掛け、その後の敢行旅行の先鞭を付けた。
1863/0517:
Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, the first book in the Galician language.
El poeta española Rosalía de Castro publica Cantares Gallegos (Las canciones de Galicia), su primera planta en lengua gallega. El día de hoy todavía está de vacaciones en la región autónoma de Galicia.
1865/0517:万国電信連合、發足
International Telegraph Union is established
A Paris, le club aujourd'hui télégraphique internationale Union internationale des télécommunications, une agence spécialisée des Nations Unies est créée à l'initiative du gouvernement français.
1866/0517:フランス的作曲家 Erik Satie 186625、誕生
Éric-Alfred-Leslie Satie, dit Erik Satie, est un compositeur et pianiste français.
Associé un temps au symbolisme, mais inclassable, il a été reconnu comme précurseur de plusieurs mouvements dont le surréalisme, le minimalisme, la musique répétitive et le théâtre de l'absurde.
1866/0517(慶應02/0425):日本からハワイへ密航移民150人、横浜出港
1867/0517:騎兵隊隊長 高杉晉作183967、死(病死)
Takasugi Shinsaku was a samurai from the Chōshū Domain of Japan who contributed significantly to the Meiji Restoration. He used several alias to hide his activities from the Tokugawa shogunate.
1868/0517:新撰組隊長 近藤勇183468、処刑斬首
Kondō Isami was a Japanese swordsman and official of the late Edo period, famed for his role as commander of the Shinsengumi.
1871/0517:長州藩藩主 毛利敬親181971、死去
長州藩第十三代當主(安藝毛利家二十五代)
Mōri Takachika was the 13th daimyō of Chōshū 長州 Domain.
He was later allowed to use a character from the name of shogun Tokugawa Ieyoshi and changed his name to Yoshichika (慶親). His domain was a traditional enemy of the Tokugawa shogunate, and he became a key player in its downfall during the Bakumatsu period.
Events during his reign include the Bombardment of Shimonoseki 下關, the Ikedaya 池田屋 Incident, the Kinmon 禁門 incident, the First Chōshū expedition 長州征伐 and Second Chōshū expedition, the Satchō Alliance 薩長同盟 and the Boshin War 戊辰戰爭.
He was also the first daimyo to return his lands to the Emperor during the abolition of the han system.
1875/0517:USA、First Kentucky Derby Open
第一回ケンタッキーダービーが開催され、アリスティデスが榮冠。
1875(明治08)/0517:北海道に、最初の屯田兵、入植
1888/0517:日本の洋画家 安井曾太郎188855、誕生
Yasui Sōtarō est un peintre japonais, renommé pour le développement qu'il apporte au début du XXe siècle au portrait de style yō-ga 洋画 (style occidental) dans la peinture japonaise.
1890/0517:オペラ『カヴァレリア・ルスチカナ』初演、大好評
L'opera Cavalleria Rusticana (contadino siciliano Onore) di Pietro Mascagni, con il libretto di Giovanni Verga ha presentato in anteprima al Teatro Costanzi di Roma. L'opera è il più grande successo del compositore.
1900/0517:イギリス、南アフリカで Second Boer War:
British troops relieve Mafeking.
1902/0517:ギリシア人の考古學者、奇妙なものを發見
Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais discovers the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient mechanical analog computer.
1904/0517:フランス 男優 Jean Gabin 190476、誕生
(Jean Alexis Moncorgé, dit), acteur français
Jean Renoir l'impose dans Les Bas-Fonds avec Louis Jouvet puis, en 1937, dans le film de guerre La Grande Illusion avec Pierre Fresnay, Marcel Dalio et Erich von Stroheim, qui obtient un énorme succès public et critique, devenant au fil des années un classique du cinéma français.
1914/0517:
Protocol of Corfu is signed, recognising full autonomy to Northern Epirus under nominal Albanian sovereignty.
1915/0517:ポルトガル、シャガスを再び首相に
João Pinheiro Chagas é eleito após a queda da "ditadura de Espadas" em 14 de maio, mais uma vez como primeiro-ministro de Portugal, o Gabinete, no entanto, não substitui. José de Castro como o novo primeiro-ministro.
João Pinheiro Chagas is again elected Prime Minister of Portugal after the overthrow of the "dictatorship of the swords" on May 14, but the office does not appear. José de Castro becomes the new head of government.
1918/0517:オペラソプラノ Birgit Nilsson 191805、誕生
eine schwedische Opernsängerin. Mit ihrer hochdramatischen Sopranstimme gehörte sie seit Ende der 1950er Jahre bis zu ihrem Bühnenabschied Mitte der 1980er Jahre unangefochten zu den führenden Interpretinnen der Opern von Richard Wagner und Richard Strauss in der Nachkriegszeit.
1924/0517:ハリウッドで、映画制作會社「MGM」創立
The company Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer is founded in Hollywood, Los Angeles by the merger of the film production companies Metro Pictures Corporation, Goldwyn Picture Corporation and Louis B. Mayer Pictures. Louis Mayer will head the new company.
1938/0517:日中戰爭の徐州會戰で戰死した小隊長、軍神となる
徐州会戦で西住小次郎戦車小隊長が戦死。日中戦争初の軍神となる。
1939/0517:USA、Play of "Lions vs Tigers"、初めてテレビ中繼
(本物のライオンと虎ではありませんよ)The Columbia Lions vs the Princeton Tigers play in the United States' first televised sporting event, a collegiate baseball game in New York City.
{コロンビアのライオンとプリンストンのタイガーの死鬪がテレビ初のスポウツ放送、と早とちりの私は讀んで、それが大學野球チイムの愛稱だったことに氣付いた。
1940/0517:コンピュタ工学者 Alan Kay 1940--、誕生
an American computer scientist.
He has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society of Arts.
He is best known for his pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design.
彼の「オブジェクト指向」は後にストラウストラップにより「カプセル化・継承・ポリモーフィズム」として再定義される。
1940/0517:WWⅡ ドイツ軍、ブリュッセルを占領
Germany occupies Brussels, Belgium.
1943/0517:WWⅡ イギリス空軍、ダム爆破作戰、成功
Dambuster Raids commence by No. 617 Squadron RAF.
1943/0517:イタリア映画、ヴィスコンティ『Obsession』プレミア
Prima esecuzione del film Ossessione dal regista italiano Luchino Visconti, che segna l'inizio della Neorealismus italiana.
1949/0517:ハンガリ 映画理論家 Balázs Béla 188449、死
「バラジュ」un théoricien du cinéma. Également cinéaste, écrivain, dramaturge, poète, romancier, feuilletoniste, auteur de contes et de nouvelles.
Il vécut à Budapest, Vienne, Berlin, Moscou et fut adhérent au Parti communiste.
しかも、彼は友人であった Béla Bartók 188145 に『かかし王子』『青髭公の城』の原作を提供もしてゐた。
1951/0517:大正天皇の皇后、貞明皇后 188451、崩御
Empress Teimei (貞明皇后 Teimei-kōgō) was the wife of Emperor Taishō 123大正187926天皇 of Japan.
Born (九条節子 Kujō Sadako), she was the mother of Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇. Her posthumous name, Teimei, means "enlightened constancy".
1956/0517:USA ProBoxer Sugar Ray Leonard 1956--、誕生
an American former professional boxer, motivational speaker, and occasional actor.
Often regarded as one of the greatest boxers of all time, winning world titles in five weight divisions; the lineal championship in three weight divisions; as well as the undisputed welterweight title
Leonard was part of "The Fabulous Four", a group of boxers who all fought each other throughout the 1980s, consisting of himself, Roberto Durán, Thomas Hearns and Marvin Hagler.
1956/0517:日本映画、石原兄弟による『太陽の季節』封切
兄の石原慎太郎原作を弟の石原裕次郎が主演した『太陽の季節』が封切。
1967/0517:エジプト「Six-Day War」
President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt demands dismantling of the peace-keeping UN Emergency Force in Egypt.
1973/0517:USA、Watergate scandal:
Televised hearings begin in the United States Senate.
アメリカ上院、WaterGate 特別委員会の公聴会を開始。
1974/0517:アイルランド「The Troubles」
Thirty-three civilians are killed and 300 injured when the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) detonates four car bombs in Dublin and Monaghan, Republic of Ireland.
1980/0517:韓國、將軍チョンドファン、學生デモ抑壓
General Chun Doo-hwan of South Korea seizes control of the government and declares martial law in order to suppress student demonstrations.
1980/0517:中共、劉少奇の名譽回復
中国共产党为刘少奇平反恢复名誉,为其举行追悼会。
The Communist Party of China defended Liu Shaoqi's reputation and held a memorial service for him.
1980/0517:ペルー、毛澤東主義ゲリラ『輝く道』の攻撃、開始
On the eve of presidential elections, Maoist guerrilla group Shining Path attacks a polling location in Chuschi (a town in Ayacucho), starting the Internal conflict in Peru.
1983/0517:アメリカも加はり、イスラエルの撤兵協定、調印Lebanon, Israel, and the United States sign an agreement on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.
1990/0517:WHO、同性愛を病氣から削除、決議
The General Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) eliminates homosexuality from the list of psychiatric diseases.
1991/0517:タイ「暗黒の五月事件」
A citizen protesting protest against Thai Kingdom who stood against Prime Minister Stinida Krapleryun as a prime minister. The military is suppressed with force and more than 300 people are killed.
タイ王国でスチンダ・クラプラユン将軍の首相就任に反発した国民が抗議デモ。軍部が武力で鎮圧し、300名以上の死者が出る。
1995/0517:チベットで、六歳のパンチェンラマ十一世を中國政府が拉致
Chinese government abducted six-year-old Panchenrama
1997/0517:第一次コンゴ戰爭、國名をザイルからコンゴ共和國に變更
Troops of Laurent Kabila march into Kinshasa. Zaire is officially renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo.
2007/0517:南北朝鮮、38度線
Trains from North and South Korea cross the 38th Parallel in a test-run agreed by both governments. This is the first time that trains have crossed the Demilitarized Zone since 1953.
2010/0517:メシアン夫人でピアニスト Yvonne Loriod 192410、死去
une pianiste classique française
Elle donnera en première audition mondiale toutes les œuvres avec piano d'Olivier Messiaen comme les Visions de l'Amen en (1943), les Vingt Regards sur l'Enfant-Jésus en 1944 Salle Gaveau