歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

12/08:Imagine「何も起きない世界を、平和になって歴史が終った世界を」きっと怠屈だらうな

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World
今日が誕生日の Camille Claudel 186443 の La Valse 1888

年間(Link)表

歴史暦:古今東西 12/08 今日の出來事

今日、十二月八日は、
日本人にとっては1941年、アメリカやイギリスに宣戰布告して世界戰爭に突入した日。
現代世界的には1980年、Newyorkで John Lennon が射殺された日といふことになるのだらうか。

 

-065/1208:Quintus Horatius Flaccus -06508、誕生

「ホラチウス」known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus.
The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as just about the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."

0395/1208:China、北魏vs後燕「參合陂之戰」
魏道武帝所領導的北魏軍隊擊敗由後燕將領慕容寶率領的後燕部隊。
Later Yan is defeated by its former vassal Northern Wei at the Battle of Canhe Slope.

 

 

0757/1208:China[唐]「安祿山之亂」杜甫の行動
Du Fu 杜甫 returns to Chang'an 長安 as a member of Emperor Xuanzong'肅宗s court, after having escaped the city during the An Lushan 安祿山 Rebellion.

この前年、安祿山070357の叛亂により長安が陥落。詩人の杜甫071270は霊武で肅宗が卽位したとの噂に、長安の脱出を試みるが安祿山の軍に捕縛される。そして、この年、脱出し肅宗のもとに驅けつけ、左拾遺の位を授かった。

 

0877/1208:西フランク王國「國王卽位」
sacre du roi des Francs Louis II le Bègue.

Louis the Stammerer (son of Charles the Bald) is crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom at Compiègne.

 

0899/1208:Arnulf von Kärnten 085099、死去

Arnolf von Kärnten (auch Arnulf, Arnold) aus dem Adelsgeschlecht der Karolinger war ab 887 König des Ostfrankenreiches und von 896 bis 899 römischer Kaiser.

東フランク王国カロリング朝)の国王(在位0887~99)、後に西ロウマ皇帝を兼ねた(在位0896~899)。

アルヌルフは交渉などはせず、ただひたすら力戦した。
0891/09のルヴァン戦では、ノルマン人(ヴァイキング)に大勝、彼等の侵入意欲を消沈させ、戰勝の地であるディル川の中州に城を築いた。

Stammtafel der Karolinger aus der zweiten Hälfte des 12.
 
 

1128/1208:China[宋]「黄河の大改修」
農曆十一月乙未,黃河大改道。在改道前,黃河在開封附近呈東北走向,在山東境內入渤海。改道後,黃河下游流經路線,按照現時中國行政區域劃分,大體上經過河南的滎陽、鄭州、原陽、延津、封丘、中牟、開封、蘭考,後經山東的曹縣、單縣,再經安徽的碭山、蕭縣、最後入江蘇的豐縣、沛縣、徐州、邳縣、睢寧、宿遷、泗陽、淮安、漣水、阜寧、濱海然後入黃海。

the Yellow River diversion. Before the diversion, the Yellow River moved northeast toward Kaifeng 開封 and into the Bohai Sea 渤海 in Shandong. After the diversion route, the lower Yellow River flows through the route and is divided into three sub-areas: the administrative areas of China, generally passing through Henan Province's Shenyang, Zhengzhou, Yuanyang, Yanjin, Fengqiu, Zhongmou, Kaifeng and Lankao; Xiaoshan, Anhui, and finally into Jiangsu, Fengxian, Peixian, Xuzhou, Pixian, Suining, Suqian, Siyang, Huaian, Lianshui, Funing, Binhai then into the Yellow Sea.

 

1214/1208(建保02/1106):佐々木高綱116014、卒去

a Japanese samurai 武家 commander in the Genpei War 源平合戰, the great conflict between the Minamoto 源氏 and Taira 平氏 clans.

平家物語』や『源平盛衰記』の軍記物語でも特に人氣がある「宇治川合戰」、そこで高綱は一世一代の晴舞臺を演じた。
When depicted in tales or in art, Takatsuna is often shown racing Kajiwara Kagesue across the River Uji atop Shogun Yoritomo's white horse, Ikezuki, to be the first to engage in battle at the 1184 battle of Uji.

 


Kajiwara Kagesue 梶原景季116200, Sasaki Takatsuna 佐々木高綱116014, and Hatakeyama Shigetada 畠山重忠116405 racing to cross the Uji River 宇治川 before the second battle of Uji.

 


1432/1208:リトアニア内戦
The first battle between the forces of Švitrigaila and Sigismund Kęstutaitis is fought near the town of Oszmiana (Ashmyany), launching the most active phase of the Lithuanian Civil War.

 

1609/1208:イタリア、ミラノに「ビブリオテカ・アンブロシアナ」開館
La Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano apre la sua sala di lettura al pubblico come seconda biblioteca in Europa dopo la Biblioteca Bodleiana di Oxford.

The Milan-based Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room for the public as the second library in Europe after the Oxford Bodleian Library.


Leonard da Vinci 145219 の手稿類も蔵してゐる。

1542/1208:Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots) 154287、誕生

Mary, Queen of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I, reigned over Scotland from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567.

1660/1208:イギリス、舞台に初めて女が登場!
A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello.

 

1714/1208(稱徳11/1102):柳澤吉保165914、卒去

Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (柳沢 吉保) was a Japanese samurai 武家 of the Edo period. He was an official in the Tokugawa shogunate 徳川幕府 and he was a favorite of the fifth shogun, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 徳川綱吉164609.
He served Tsunayoshi from an early age, becoming his wakashū 若衆 and eventually rose to the position of soba yōnin 側用人.
He was the daimyō 大名 of the Kawagoe han 川越藩, and later of the Kōfu han 甲府藩; he retired in 1709.
He built Rikugien Garden 六義園, a traditional Japanese garden, in 1695.

Yanagisawa played a pivotal role in the matter of the forty-seven rōnin(赤穗浪士)

 

1793/1208:Madame Du Barry 174393、死去

(Jeanne Bécu de Cantigny, dite), favorite de Louis XV

 


La mort par la guillotine
Le 8 décembre 1793, Madame du Barry est décapitée par la guillotine de la place de la Révolution (aujourd'hui place de la Concorde). Sur le chemin de la guillotine, elle s'est effondrée dans le tambour et a crié: "Tu vas me faire du mal, pourquoi?" Terrifiée, elle a crié pour la pitié et a supplié la foule indifférente pour l'aide. Ses derniers mots au bourreau étaient: Un instant de plus, monsieur l'exécuteur, je vous en supplie! Elle a été enterrée au cimetière de la Madeleine, comme beaucoup d'autres victimes de la terreur, y compris Louis XVI et Marie-Antoinette.

1794/1208:USA、ニュウオルリンズ「六年後にまた大火災」
Only six years after the first great fire, another major fire destroys large parts of New Orleans.

 

1813/1208:ベトベン、第七交響曲、初演
In Wien dirigiert Ludwig van Beethoven die Uraufführung seiner 7. Sinfonie.

 

1830/1208:Benjamin Constant 176730、死去

「バンジャマン コンスタン」Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque
un romancier, homme politique, et intellectuel français d'origine vaudoise.


He examined the relationship between state power and the individual that had become problematic in the French Revolution.
In 1802 he was put down by Napoleon, but
in 1815 invited by him to write an amendment to the Constitution of France.
Constant influenced with his ideas the November Uprising, the Greek Revolution, the Liberal Revolution in Portugal and the Belgian Revolution.

スイス出身のフランスの文人、政事家。心理主義小説の先駆けとなった『アドルフ』で名高い。自由主義思想の持主で、フランスロマンティシズムを代表する人物の一人。金のためもあって、あらゆる種類のパンフレット類に筆を染めた。

1794年に出会ったスタル夫人と關係を持った。夫人はすでに別居状態であり、サロンの活動に熱中してゐた。二人は暫く行動をともにし、スヰスとパリを往來した。コンスタンはスタル夫人から物心兩面でおほいに影響を受けた。子供もできた。この頃から彼は積極的な政事的行動を開始、選擧に出馬したりする。しかし、やがてNapoléon Bonaparte 176921が登場して來て、反ナポレオンだったコンスタンは
1814年にナポレオン没落後に、パリに戻り反ナポレオン的な著述を活発におこなふ。だが、エルバ島を脱出したナポレオンが一時的に復活すると、一転してその政府に加はり、世間の批判と嘲笑を浴びた。
 この頃は、スタル夫人の友人だったレカミエ夫人にいたく御執心となり、

1832/1208:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 183210、誕生

「ビョルンスティエルネ ビョルンソン」ein norwegischer Dichter, Literaturnobelpreisträger und Politiker.
Bjørnson verfasste unter anderem die norwegische Nationalhymne Ja, vi elsker dette landet und war der Begründer des Riksmålsforbundet.

ノルヱイの「偉大な四人」のうちの一人。ノルヱイの國家『我等この國を愛す』は彼の作詞。

1847/1208(弘化04/1101):中江兆民184701、誕生

(中江兆民, Nakae Chōmin), pseudonyme 號 de (中江篤介, Nakae Tokusuke?) est un écrivain et penseur politique japonais actif de l'époque Meiji.
En 1871, il part pour la France dans le cadre de la mission Iwakura 岩倉 et se familiarise avec des idées plus radicales, en particulier celles de Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
En 1888, Chōmin écrit le roman politique, le Sansuijin keirin mondō (三酔人経綸問答, discussion entre trois hommes ivres sur la conduite des affaires). Cette œuvre a été particulièrement importante à l'époque car elle a posé le débat sur la pertinence du pacifisme et sur l'adoption de la démocratie par une nation non occidentale.

À la fin de sa vie, Chōmin publia :Ichinen-yū-han (一年有半, Un an et demi, 1901) : fragments autobiographiques, politiques, philosophiques. On y trouve la fameuse phrase : « Au Japon, il n'a jamais existé de philosophie, les Japonais sont un peuple sans philosophie. 日本に哲學なし。日本人は哲學なき民なり»
Zoku Ichinen-yū-han (続一年有半, Un an et demi, suite, II) : présentation d'une philosophie matérialiste et athée.

1849/1208:イタリア、ナポリでベルディのオペラ、上演
L'opera Luisa Miller di Giuseppe Verdi con il libretto di Salvatore Cammarano dopo la tragedia Kabale e Liebe di Friedrich Schiller debutta al Teatro San Carlo di Napoli.

 

1854/1208:ロウマ教皇、回勅により「無原罪の宿り」を教義として公認
Papa Pio IX. Con la sua lettera Ineffabilis Deus proclama il dogma dell'Immacolata Concezione.

In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin.
ロウマ教皇ピウス9の回勅 Ineffabilis Deus で「無原罪の御宿り」がカトリックの教義として公認。
{どうして妊娠が重要な教義になるのか、キリスト教徒でない私には全然理解できない。キリスト教の本質となんの關係があるのか。關係があるとしたら、私にはそんな宗教はまともに思ひ考へられなくなる。

1859/1208:Thomas de Quincey 178559、死去

「トマス ドゥ クインシ」un écrivain britannique. Il naît dans la ville industrielle de Manchester (Lancashire). Son père, marchand de textile, meurt en 1793.


1833年、借金により二度起訴され、債務者避難所に逃げ込む。
1834年、今度は債務不履行の罪で三度起訴。
1859年12月8日、エディンバラで死去。74歳。

Confessions of an English Opium-Eater (1822)
加齡にして晦渋な文体で自分の阿片中毒体験を告白して反響を呼ぶ。が、反響が大きすぎて、社界的惡影響と非難を蒙った。この作品は Charles Baudelaire 182167 に愛読された他、Hector Berlioz 180369 にも霊感をあたへ『幻想交響曲』を作らせるなど後世の藝術家に、その反ないし非社界的生き方を啓示した。

On Murder Considered as one of the Fine Arts (1827)
His immediate influence extended to Edgar Allan Poe, Fitz Hugh Ludlow, Charles Baudelaire and Nikolai Gogol, but even major 20th-century writers such as Jorge Luis Borges admired and claimed to be partly influenced by his work.

1861/1208:Aristide Maillol 186144、誕生

「アリスチド マイヨル」un peintre, graveur et sculpteur français.
Maillol fut l'un des sculpteurs les plus célèbres de son temps. Son œuvre, silencieuse, fondée sur des formes pleines élaborées à partir de l'étude du nu féminin, et simplifiées jusqu'à l'épure, représente une véritable révolution artistique, anticipant l'abstraction.

Vénus (1928), bronze,
 

1861/1208:Georges Méliès 186138、誕生

「ジョルジュ メリエス」フランスの映画作家
Ayant choisi la prestidigitation comme profession, il profite d'une donation de son père, industriel de la chaussure, pour devenir propriétaire et directeur en 1888 du théâtre Robert-Houdin, en sommeil depuis la mort du célèbre illusionniste.
Le 28 décembre 1895, il découvre avec émerveillement les images photographiques animées lors de la première représentation publique à Paris du Cinématographe par les frères Lumière et propose même de racheter le brevet de la machine.
映画の創成期に種々様々な技法を開発した。SFXの創始者で、多重露光や低速度撮影、ディゾルブ、ストップモウションも試みた。手で着彩したカラ映画も制作。撮影を通して現実を操作し変換する作風から、最初の "Cinemagician" とも呼ばれた。
1902/05、映画史上有名な『月世界旅行』を、Jules Verne 182805 の『月世界旅行』とHerbert George Wells 186646 の『月世界最初の人間』を参考に制作した。

 

1861/1208:スペイン、借金取り立てにメキシコ上陸、これをまねてフランスも
After Mexico stops repaying its foreign debt, Spanish troops land in Veracruz as the first expeditionary force. The European creditor states want to use military means to force a continuation of payments. Under the allied powers France, Great Britain and Spain, Emperor Napoleon III. own plans involving a French intervention in Mexico.

 

1863/1208:チリのジェズイトの教會、炎上灰燼
The Jesuit church Iglesia de la Compañía in Santiago de Chile is destroyed by fire. The more than 2,000 victims of the fire are erected a monument exactly ten years later.

 

 

1864/1208:George Boole 181564、死去

an English mathematician, educator, philosopher and logician.
He worked in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and is best known as the author of The Laws of Thought (1854) which contains Boolean algebra.


≫ No general method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities can be established which does not explicitly recognise, not only the special numerical bases of the science, but also those universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning, and which, whatever they may be as to their essence, are at least mathematical as to their form.

His Death
In late November 1864, in heavy rain, Boole walked from his home at Lichfield Cottage in Ballintemple to the university, a distance of three miles, and lectured wearing his wet clothes. He soon became ill, developing pneumonia. As his wife believed that remedies should resemble their cause, she put her husband to bed and poured buckets of water over him – the wet having brought on his illness

1864/1208:Camille Claudel 186443、誕生

une sculptrice et artiste peintre française.
Collaboratrice, maitresse et muse du sculpteur Auguste Rodin, sœur du poète, écrivain, diplomate et académicien Paul Claudel, sa carrière est météoritique, brisée par un internement psychiatrique et une mort quasi-anonyme.

 

Auguste Rodin, La Pensée (1901)
 

1864/1208:Jean Sibelius 186557、誕生

「ジャン シベリウス」a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early-modern periods.
He is widely recognized as his country's greatest composer and, through his music, is often credited with having helped Finland to develop a national identity during its struggle for independence from Russia.

1864/1208:Jacques Hadamard 186463、誕生

「ジャック アダマル」un mathématicien français, connu pour ses travaux en théorie des nombres, en analyse complexe, en analyse fonctionnelle, en géométrie différentielle et en théorie des équations aux dérivées partielles

1864/1208:Vatican
Pope Pius IX promulgates the encylical Quanta cura and its appendix, the Syllabus of Errors, outlining the authority of the Catholic Church and condemning various liberal ideas.

Pope Pius IX. publishes the encyclical Quanta Cura, condemning religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In the appendix Syllabus errorum he lists a list of 80 "errors of time".

1864/1208:イギリス「Clifton Suspension Bridge」架橋
The Clifton Suspension Bridge, designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel over the Avon near Bristol, is inaugurated.

 

Clifton Suspension Bridge (Illustration 1879)

 

 

1868/1208(明治01/1025):德冨蘆花186827、誕生

Japanese novelist, the younger brother of the historian Tokutomi Sohō 徳富蘇峰186357.

{彼の小説の代表作『不如歸』などより、彼の『謀叛論』を讀むべし。
1910明治43の大逆事件幸徳秋水187111らの死刑を阻止するため、兄で当時の代表的言論人だった蘇峰を通じて首相の桂太郎184813へ助命嘆願しようとするが間に合はなかった。その悲憤に、第一高等學校の弁論部部の講演依頼におうじて、1911明治44/0201、『謀叛論』の演題で論じ、学生に深い感銘をあたへた。
{秋水は今日が誕生日の中江兆民184701の愛弟子だった。秋水の號も兆民が使ってゐたものであった。大逆事件の時、すでに兆民はこの世の人ではなかった。もし彼が生きてゐたら、 …… 生きてゐたら、彼も秋水の黒幕として大逆事件に卷き込まれてしまったのだらうな。

1869/1208:Vatican
Il primo Concilio Vaticano è aperto solennemente.

ouverture du concile Vatican I.

 

1881/1208:ウイン、「リング劇場」炎上、死者多數
The devastating fire of the Ringtheater in Vienna demands hundreds of deaths. The event has an international impact on preventive fire safety.

 

 

1886/1208:Diego Rivera 188657、誕生

un destacado muralista mexicano de ideología comunista, famoso por plasmar obras de alto contenido social en edificios públicos.

1886/1208:USA「アメリカ労働総同盟」結成
Samuel Gompers founds the American Federation of Labor, one of the first union federations in the US, in Columbus, Ohio.

 

1903/1208:Herbert Spencer 182003、死去

an English philosopher and sociologist.
He was the first to apply the theory of evolution (here: the concept of "survival of the fittest") to social development, thus establishing the paradigm of evolutionism that is often regarded as the precursor of social Darwinism.

「適者生存 (survival of the fittest) 」は Charles Darwin 180982 ではなく、Spencer の造語。
Auguste Comte 179857 の実証主義社会学に多大の影響を受けたスペンサの社会学では、有機體のメタファを借りて社界をシステムとして把握し、これを「維持・分配・規制」のシステムに分かち、その「構造と機能」を中心的概念とした。

Spencer was "the single most famous European intellectual in the closing decades of the nineteenth century" but his influence declined sharply after 1900: "Who now reads Spencer?" asked Talcott Parsons in 1937.

1903/1208:嵐寛壽郎190380、誕生

日本の映画俳優。 (嵐 寛壽郎 Arashi Kanjūrō) was a Japanese film actor. He entered the film industry in 1927 and came to fame playing Kurama Tengu 鞍馬天狗, a character in the Bakumatsu 幕末 era created by Jirō Osaragi 大佛次郎 in his novels

 

1906/1208:USA「ナショナルモニュメント」
The Montezuma Castle in Arizona and the Inscription Rock in New Mexico are declared National Monuments of the USA.

 

 

1914/1208:WWⅠ
A squadron of Britain's Royal Navy defeats the Imperial German East Asia Squadron in the Battle of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.

 

1915/1208:WWⅠ、『Punch』カナダ軍人の詩を掲載
In the satirical magazine Punch the poem In Flanders Fields for the First World War of the Canadian John McCrae is published.

 


In Flanders fields the poppies blow
    Between the crosses, row on row,
  That mark our place; and in the sky
  The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the Dead.   Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,
  Loved and were loved, and now we lie
      In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe:
To you from failing hands we throw
  The torch; be yours to hold it high.
  If ye break faith with us who die
We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
      In Flanders fields.


{この後出てくる、今日暗殺された John Lennon の Imagine と比べることもないけれど、比べてしまった。

1919/1208:ポウランド&ロシア「Curzon line」
 is created in Paris as a proposal for the Polish-Russian demarcation line.

 

 

1921/1208:「百聞は一見に如かず」って東洋人は昔から知ってゐる
An ad with the slogan "One Looks Worth A Thousand Words" in the journal Printers' Ink develops after the proverb A picture is worth a thousand words.

 

1922/1208:Lucian Freud 192211、誕生

a British painter and draftsman, specializing in figurative art, and is known as one of the foremost 20th-century portraitists.

1922/1208:北アイルランドアイルランド自由州から離脱
Northern Ireland ceases to be part of the Irish Free State.

 

1923/1208:ブレヒトのドラマ上演、スキャンダルに
Die Uraufführung von Bertolt Brechts Stück Baal am Leipziger Alten Theater löst einen Skandal aus. Das Drama wird auf Drängen des Oberbürgermeisters abgesetzt.

 

1925/1208:Sammy Davis Jr 192590、誕生

Samuel George « Sammy » Davis, Jr., artiste américain
{この人はほんたうに才能あふれるエンタテイナだった。あまりに多才な藝人でなかったら、歌手として(藝人としてではなく)もっと大成してゐただらうと思ふくらゐ、

1926/1208:シカゴで、オペラ『サレムの魔女』プレミア

The world premiere of the opera A Witch of Salem by Charles Wakefield Cadman takes place in Chicago.

1927/1208:Niklas Luhmann 192798、誕生

a German sociologist and social theorist.
As the most important German-speaking representative of sociological systems theory and socio-cybernetics, Luhmann is one of the outstanding classics of social science in the 20th century.

1984年に主著(Soziale Systeme=社会の諸システム)を発表。社会システム理論に「オウトボイエシス」概念を導入

1927/1208:USA、初のシンクタンクの創設
The Brookings Institution, one of the United States' oldest think tanks, is founded through the merger of three organizations that had been created by philanthropist Robert S. Brookings.

 

1931/1208:USA、特許「同軸ケイブル」
patenting of the modern coaxial cable of the American inventor Herman Affel.

The electrical engineers Lloyd Espenschied and Herman A. Affel receive a US patent for their invented coaxial cable, which they applied for on 23 May 1929.

同軸ケイブル 1880年に、O ヘヴィサイドによって発明された。(ヘヴィサイドは、イギリスの物理学者で、伝送線路の表皮効果の研究などをおこなってゐた。

1933/1208:山本權兵衞185233、死去

「やまもと ごんべえ(威嚴をつけて、ごんのひょうえ と讀ませる)
日本の軍人、政事家。an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the 16th and 22nd Prime Minister of Japan.


その死
1933昭和0/0330、妻の登喜子が死去すると、妻を追うやうに(前立腺肥大症のため)死去。

1939/1208:ドイツナチス、ヘス「ヒトラ運河」
Rudolf Heß weiht den Adolf-Hitler-Kanal bei Gleiwitz ein und führt den ersten Spatenstich für den geplanten Donau-Oder-Kanal aus.

Rudolf Hess inaugurates the Adolf Hitler Canal near Gliwice and executes the groundbreaking ceremony for the planned Danube Oder Canal.


Oderhafen Cosel aus der Luft, ganz links der Gleiwitzer Kanal

1941/1208:WWⅡ、U.S. President Roosevelt declares December 7 to be "a date which will live in infamy", after which the U.S. declares war on Japan.

前日のハワイ真珠湾攻撃を「アメリカび屈辱の日」としてルウズベルト大統領が演説

1941/1208:WWⅡ、米英に宣戰布告した日本軍の電撃行動
Japanese forces simultaneously invade Shanghai International Settlement, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies.

One day after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the US declared war on Japan. Japan, for its part, is launching a large-scale offensive in Southeast Asia in the Pacific War: the invasion of Thailand begins with the battle for Prachuap Khiri Khan and the British crown colony of Hong Kong is also under attack. Another consequence of Japanese expansionist policies is the Battle of the Philippines, which will last until 9 June 1942.

大日本帝國陸軍開始大舉入侵香港開始香港保衛戰,並在轟炸啟德機場後迅速取得制空權。

1945/1208:Japan[敗戰處理]
GHQ、全国の新聞へ「太平洋戰爭史」を掲載させる。

 

1953/1208:USA、大統領「Atoms for Peace」演説
U.S. President Eisenhower delivers his "Atoms for Peace" speech, which leads to an American program to supply equipment and information on nuclear power to schools, hospitals, and research institutions around the world.

 

1955/1208:ヨウロパの旗
Der Europarat beschließt sein Emblem: eine blaue Fahne mit zwölf goldenen Sternen.

The Flag of Europe is adopted by Council of Europe.
Adoption du drapeau européen.


{なんか、ずいぶん足らない感じ。

1957/1208:Jazz、ホリデ&ヤング『Fine and Mellow』、テレビで
Billie Holiday sings - accompanied by Lester Young - the title Fine and Mellow in the TV program The Sound of Jazz.

 

1958/1208:第一回アフリカ人民会議、開催。

 

1962/1208:USA、NYCの新聞社の勞働者、スト
Workers at four New York City newspapers (this later increases to nine) go on strike for 114 days.

 

1963/1208:飛行機事故
Pan Am Flight 214, a Boeing 707, is struck by lightning and crashes near Elkton, Maryland, killing all 81 people on board.

 

1963/1208:Japan、プロレスの力道山、刺傷
プロレスラの力道山が赤坂のナイトクラブで暴力団員に刺される。12月15日に死去。

 

1966/1208:ギリシア船、遭難
The Greek ship SS Heraklion sinks in a storm in the Aegean Sea, killing over 200.

 

1969/1208:飛行機事故
Olympic Airways Flight 954 strikes a mountain outside of Keratea, Greece, killing 90 people in the worst crash of a Douglas DC-6 in history.

{毎日、二三件は飛行機事故が起こってるな。

1971/1208:Indo-Pakistani War:
 The Indian Navy launches an attack on West Pakistan's port city of Karachi.

 

1972/1208:飛行機事故
United Airlines Flight 553, a Boeing 737, crashes after aborting its landing attempt at Chicago Midway International Airport, killing 45. This is the first-ever loss of a Boeing 737.

{これで今日三件目。

1974/1208:
A plebiscite results in the abolition of monarchy in Greece.

 

1976/1208:Rock、EaglesHotel California』リリス
The album Hotel California of the rock band Eagles appears in the USA. It rises in the episode in the top group of best-selling albums.

 

1978/1208:Golda Meir 189878、死去

(גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר), femme politique israélienne, Première ministre d'Israël de 1969 à 1974 .
an Israeli teacher, kibbutznik, stateswoman, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.

 

 

1980/1208:John Lennon 194078、射殺
John Lennon is murdered in front of The Dakota in New York City.

ジョン レノン、ニュウヨウクの自宅前で二挺拳銃のファンに襲撃、射殺される。

At around 10:50 p.m. (EST) on 8 December 1980, lone gunman Mark David Chapman shot Lennon in the back four times in the archway of the Dakota as Lennon and Ono returned to their Manhattan apartment from the Record Plant.

English singer, songwriter, musician, and activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful and musically influential band in the history of popular music.

 
Imagine
Imagine there's no Heaven
It's easy if you try
No Hell below us
Above us only sky
Imagine all the people
Living for today...
 

1982/1208:諸橋轍次188382、死去

une importante figure dans le domaine de l'étude du japonais et de la sinologie. Il est surtout connu comme rédacteur en chef du Dai Kan-Wa jiten (en), dictionnaire complet des sinogrammes ou kanji.
漢字研究家、『大漢和辞典』編者

1925年、大修館の鈴木一平が諸橋のもとを訪れ、巨大な漢和辞典の構想を持ちかけられる。本格的なその作業の開始は1929年からだった。
1943年、第一巻が完成した。諸橋はこれにより翌年の朝日賞を受賞した。だが、
1945年、東京大空襲で大修館が罹災、組み上がっていた印刷製版がすべて溶けてしまった。
その不運にめげず、

1985/1208:南アジア連合、結成
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union in South Asia is established.

 

1987/1208:イスラエルvsパレスチナ「第一次インティファダ」
The first Palestinian Intifada against Israel begins with civil disobedience, followed by acts of violence.

An Israeli army tank transporter kills four Palestinian refugees and injures seven others during a traffic accident at the Erez Crossing on the Israel–Gaza Strip border, which has been cited as one of the events which sparked the First Intifada.

 

1987/1208:アメリカ大統領とソ連書記長、中距離核戦力全廃条約、調印
Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan sign the INF treaty for the complete dismantling of all nuclear medium range weapons.

 

1988/1208:飛行機事故
A United States Air Force A-10 Thunderbolt II crashes into an apartment complex in Remscheid, Germany, killing 5 people and injuring 50 others.

{四件目

1990/1208:土屋文明189090、死去

歌人
旧制高崎中学在学中から蛇床子の筆名で俳句や短歌を『ホトトギス』に投稿。卒業後に恩師の村上成之の紹介により伊藤左千夫186413を頼って上京、短歌の指導を受け、同人誌『アララギ』に参加。さらに左千夫の好意でり、第一高等学校文科を経て東京帝国大学に進学。
東大在学中には。芥川龍之介189227らと第三次『新思潮』を結成、井出説太郎の筆名で小説・戯曲を書いた。1916年(大正5年)に文学部哲学科(心理学専攻)卒業。

1991/1208:ソビエト連邦の消滅、
The leaders of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine sign an agreement dissolving the Soviet Union and establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States.

ロシア・ベラルシ・ウクライナソビエト連邦の消滅と独立国家共同体の創立を宣言。

1992/1208:NAFT
アメリカ・カナダ・メキシコが北米自由貿易協定(NAFT)に署名。

 

1994/1208:Antônio Carlos Jobim 192794、死去

a Brazilian composer, conductor, pianist, singer, arranger and guitarist.
It is considered the greatest exponent of all time of Brazilian popular music by Rolling Stone and one of the creators and main forces of the bossa nova movement.


1994/1208:ドイツで「ウンウンウニウムレントゲニウム)」發見

Unununium, Uuu 

1998/1208:アルジェリア、Massacre
81 people are killed by armed groups in Algeria.

 

2003/1208:ジンバブエ
Zimbabwe leaves the Commonwealth of Nations after international criticism of Robert Mugabe's policy has become too fierce.

 

2004/1208:ペルで「Cusco Declaration」
 is signed in Cusco, Peru, establishing the South American Community of Nations.

With the declaration of Cuzco the South American community of states is founded, which is to bring about an unification of the continent on the model of the EU.

2009/1208:イラク、バクダッドの空爆
Bombings in Baghdad, Iraq, kill 127 people and injure 448 others.

 

2010/1208:
With the second launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 and the first launch of the SpaceX Dragon, SpaceX becomes the first private company to successfully launch, orbit and recover a spacecraft.

 

2010/1208:Japan、spacecraft IKAROS
The Japanese solar-sail spacecraft IKAROS passes the planet Venus at a distance of about 80,800 km.

 

2016/1208:シリア
Syrian army starts final phase of the attack and progress has been made in the district of, "Sheikh Said" and preparing to storm the neighborhood "Sukkari" in East of Aleppo.


 

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