歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

03/07:歴史の大系化「Mondrianを見ながら、Ravelを聽きながら

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World
今日が誕生日の Piet Mondrian 187244『Stillleben mit Ingwertopf II』1912

歴史暦:古今東西 03/07 今日の出來事

 今日の格言  
我々は皆一つの遂行に向って協力してゐる。或者は自覚と理解を持って、或者はそれとは知らずに。ヘラクレイトスが云ったように「眠る者すら働いている」のだ。 Marcus Aurelius 012180 『自省録』

もうひとつ  

勝に不思議の勝あり。負に不思議の負なし。
 松浦清靜山176041『劍談』


-322/0307:知識の体系家 Aristotelēs -38422、死去

Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, un philosophe grec de l'Antiquité.
Avec Platon, dont il fut le disciple à l'Académie, il est l'un des penseurs les plus influents que le monde ait connus.
Il est aussi l'un des rares à avoir abordé presque tous les domaines de connaissance de son temps : biologie, physique, métaphysique, logique, poétique, politique, rhétorique et de façon ponctuelle l'économie.
Chez Aristote, la philosophie est comprise dans un sens plus large : elle est à la fois recherche du savoir pour lui-même, interrogation sur le monde et science des sciences.


彼の名前の由来は、ギリシア語の aristos (最高の)と telos (目的)から

0161/0307:ロウマ皇帝 Antoninus Pius 008661、崩去
Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by his adoptive sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.

 (Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. He was one of the Five Good Emperors in the Nerva–Antonine dynasty and the Aurelii.

He died of illness in 161 and was succeeded by his adopted sons Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus as co-emperors.

Denarius, struck 140 AD with portrait of Antoninus Pius & his adoptive son Marcus Aurelius


0189/0307:ロウマ皇帝 Geta Augustus 018911、誕生

a Roman emperor who ruled with his father Septimius Severus and his older brother Caracalla from 209, when he was named Augustus like his brother, who had held the title since 198.
Severus died in 211, and although he intended for his sons to rule together, they proved incapable of sharing power, culminating with the murder of Geta in December of that year.

皇帝一家の肖像。カラカラによりゲタの部分が削り落とされた

0238/0307:ロウマ帝國
Roman subjects in the province of Africa revolt against Maximinus Thrax and elect Gordian I as emperor.


0321/0307:ロウマ皇帝、休日として「日曜」を設定
l'imperatore romano Costantino I fa, per decreto, il "Giorno del sole" (vale a dire domenica) il giorno del riposo settimanale (Codice di Giustiniano 3.12.2).

Emperor Constantine I decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire.

0664/0307:中國の學僧 玄奘三藏059664、入滅

玄奘。俗姓陳,名褘,洛州緱氏縣(今河南省偃師市南境)人,漢傳佛教史上最偉大的譯經師之一,中國佛教法相唯識宗創始人。他是中國著名古典小說『西遊記』中心人物唐三藏(唐僧)的原型。


Xuan Zang. Popular surnamed Chen, Mingxu, Langzhou County (now Yanshi City, Henan Province, the southern border) people, one of the greatest Buddhist interpreters in the history of Chinese Buddhism, founder of the Chinese Buddhist Dharma. He is the prototype of the Tang Sanzang (Tang monk), a center of the famous Journey to the West.

玄奘的一座雕刻,在西安大雁塔

0744/0307:日本[平城京] 皇子 安積親王072844、薨去

奈良時代の皇族。聖武天皇の第二皇子。母は県犬養広刀自。
彼が誕生した同じ年に皇太子の基皇子薨去。そのため、皇太子の最有力の存在となった。が、皇太子には皇女の安倍(後に孝謙&稱徳天皇となる)が立てられた。おそらく、南家仲麻呂070664を中心とした藤原氏の意向が働いてゐたのであらう。

聖武天皇難波宮に行啓の歸途、桜井頓宮でにわかに脚気になり恭仁京に引き返すが、二日後に薨去した。十七歳。その死が突然さがあまりにも不自然だったので、暗殺が疑はれた。

安積親王 和束墓(京都府和束町

0905/0307:中國[唐]
朱全忠、殺唐昭宗諸皇子於九曲池。

Zhu Quanzhong killed Tang Zhaozong princes in the Jiuqu pool.

1080/0307:教皇權、ヨウロパを支配
Pope Gregory VII again imposed an excommunication in the investiture dispute over the German King Henry IV, after he had dissolved this three years earlier in Canossa.
 At the same time he declares counter-king Rudolf von Rheinfelden the rightful German king.


1138/0307:
The Staufer Konrad III is elected in a rush election chaired by the Trier Archbishop Albero in St. Kastor Koblenz to the German king.
 The majority of imperial princes, who actually supported the Welf Heinrich the Proud, are passive in their choice.


1266/0307:フランス、イタリアのナポリを攻める
 Charles d'Anjou entre dans la ville après avoir vaincu et tué Manfred de Sicile à la bataille de Bénévent, le 26 février.
Charles d'Anjou avait été au préalable investi par le pape Clément IV de la couronne de Sicile.


1274/0307:神學者 Thomas Aquinas 122574、死去

un frate domenicano, teologo, filosofo e accademico italiano esponente della Scolastica, definito Doctor Angelicus dai suoi contemporanei. È venerato come santo dalla Chiesa cattolica che dal 1567 lo considera anche dottore della Chiesa.


Born from the Kingdom of Sicily. Dominicus. Representative theologian of Scholasticism known for "Summa Theologiae" 


アリストテレスに、玄奘三藏に、トマスアキナス、この後、誰が出てくるのだらう。あゝ今日も大變な一日になりさうだ。三千年の世界中の歴史が相手だもんな。無謀だったかな、闇雲に切り裂く虹の童子よ、


1277/0307:Bishop of Paris,
Stephen Tempier  condemns 219 philosophical and theological theses.

A Paris, après les premières condamnations de Paris en 1270, Mgr Étienne Tempier condamne encore 219 thèses de l'aristotélisme radical, représenté principalement par Siger du Brabant et connu sous le nom d'averroïsme.

1524/0307:大航海時代
The navigator Giovanni da Verrazano sets foot in North America.


1573/0307:オスマン帝國&ヴェニス共和國
La paix de Constantinople met fin à la guerre entre la Turquie et Venise. Venise cède à la Turquie l'île de Chypre.

A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman–Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands.

1602/0307:日本の御用繪師 狩野探幽160274、誕生

Kanō Tannyū、un peintre japonais de sujets de genre, animaux et compositions murales de l'école Kanō.

桃山絵画からの流れを引き継ぎつつも、宋元画や雪舟を深く学び、線の肥痩や墨の濃淡を適切に使い分け、画面地の余白をに生かした淡麗瀟洒な画風を切り開き、江戸時代の絵画の基調を作った。

1619/0307:日本の宮大工 中井正清156519、死去

江戸時代初期の大工。大和国の出身。法隆寺番匠となり、法隆寺の屋根に上がるには殿上人でなければならぬ規則なので、彼の家系は代々官位を授けられた。
Carpentry in the early Edo period. Born from Yamato 大和國. Horyuji Temple 法隆寺. Since he must be a high class aristocrat to rise to the roof of Horyuji, his family has been given a ranking office in his office.

1625/0307:ドイツ天文學者 Johann Bayer 157225、死去

ein deutscher Astronom und Jurist. Er schuf einen bedeutenden Himmelsatlas, die Uranometria.

1603年、全天星図『Uranometria』 を出版。天文學の業績としてはこれだけ。

Das Sternbild Orion aus Bayers Uranometria

1657/0307:日本の御用學者 林羅山158357、死去

Hayashi Razan was a Japanese Neo-Confucian philosopher, serving as a tutor and an advisor to the first four shōguns of the Tokugawa bakufu. He is also attributed with first listing the Three Views of Japan.
Razan was the founder of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.

{日本からは林羅山がエントリか。體系的な學者ばかりだな。

1678/0307:イタリア建築家 Filippo Juvarra 167836、誕生

un architetto e scenografo italiano, uno dei principali esponenti del Barocco, che operò per lunghi anni a Torino come architetto di casa Savoia.
Formed initially in Sicily, partly self-taught, his first architectural work was the completion, in 1703, of the Church of San Gregorio, now disappeared, for which he designed the interior layout comprising the construction of the choir and the main altar.

Esterno della palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi

La Cappella Antamori nella chiesa di San Girolamo della Carità, a Roma

{體系的と云へば體系的な建築、イタリアからエントリ。

1657/0307:フランス王、アメリカインディアンの酒を禁ず
Le roi Louis XIV interdit la vente d'alcool aux Amérindiens.

King Louis XIV prohibits the sale of alcohol to the Amerindians.

1724/0307:244Papa InnnocentiusXIII 165524、死去

Papa Innocenzo XIII è stato il 244º vescovo di Roma e papa della Chiesa cattolica dal 1721 alla sua morte.
The two major cases for him were the Jansenism problem, the liturgical controversy with China (Qing Dynasty).

1760/0307:江戸幕末の大名 松浦清靜山176041、誕生

Matsura Seizan est un célèbre épéiste au cours de l'époque d'Edo de l'histoire du Japon.
Seizan pratique le style d'escrime Shingyōtō-ryū d'Iba Hideaki dont Seizan est considéré comme un adepte. Il adopte le nom Joseishi après avoir reçu la dernière transmission de l'école Shingyōtō ryu.

隠居後に同時代の江戸社界全般について記録した『甲子夜話』でも有名。
彼の名言として(野球の野村克也が云ったみたいに思ってゐる人が多いだらうが)
≫ 勝に不思議の勝あり。負に不思議の負なし。『劍談』

1765/0307:写真発明家 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce 176533、誕生

un ingénieur français, connu comme étant l'inventeur de la photographie, appelée alors « procédé héliographique ».
Il est aussi l'auteur de la plus ancienne prise de vue et du pyréolophore, le premier moteur à combustion interne du monde.
世界で最初の写真画像に成功。1825年に彼によって撮影された写真は、原版が現存する最古のもの。
また、彼は「世界初の内燃機関」といわれる「ピレオロフォル」を発明、それでセエヌ川を遡ることに成功し、1807年7月20日、ナポレオンから特許を授けられた。

1785/0307:イタリア文人 Alessandro Manzoni 178573、誕生

uno scrittore, poeta e drammaturgo italiano.
Considered one of the greatest Italian novelists of all time for his famous novel I promessi sposi, cornerstone of Italian literature, Manzoni had the main merit of having laid the foundations for the modern novel and of having thus sponsored the Italian linguistic unity, on the trail of that morally and civilly committed literature of Italian Enlightenment.

1823年に書いた『ロマン主義について』で、新しい流派の説を詳しく解説、その要旨は神話と古典への盲従を排し、修辞法則を否定し、「意図としては有益であること、主題としては真実であること、方法としてはおもしろさ」を追求するべき、であった。

1788/0307:フランス科學者 Antoine Becquerel 178878、誕生

Scientifiques français.
Pionnier dans la recherche sur l'électrochimie, les phénomènes de luminescence

1792/0307:フランス人醫師「ギロチン」發明
Antoine Louis, célèbre chirurgien de l'époque, préconise, dans un rapport remis ce jour à Assemblée législative, la mise au point d'une machine à lame oblique (la guillotine), seul moyen de donner la mort à tous les condamnés avec rapidité et sûreté (la première utilisation aura lieu le 25 avril 1792).

Antoine Louis, famous surgeon of the time, advocates, in a report submitted today to Legislative Assembly, the development of an oblique blade machine (the guillotine), the only way to kill all convicts with speed and safety (the first use will take place on April 25, 1792).


 

Ravel の Gibet が聞こえてきた …… 

1793/0307:フランス、スペインに宣戰布告
la France déclare la guerre à l'Espagne : l'armée espagnole envahit la Navarre française et le Roussillon.


1799/0307:ナポレオン、
Prise de Jaffa par le général Bonaparte.

Napoleon Bonaparte captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
Lors de son expédition égyptienne dans la seconde guerre de coalition, Napoléon Bonaparte envahit la Palestine après un siège de quatre jours à Jaffa. En conséquence, il part à Akkon, où il arrive le 19 mars.

1805/0307:ナポレオン
Napoléon se proclame roi d'Italie. Eugène de Beauharnais, fils de Joséphine, est nommé vice-roi.

{かういふネポティズムを始めるとだいたい下降局面に入った證據

1811/0307:日本の國學者 村田春海174611、死去

A national scholar and poet of the middle to the late Edo period. One of the four great disciples of Kamo Mamiuchi 賀茂眞淵169769.

漢籍を服部白賁に、国典を賀茂真淵に学び、国学者歌人の加藤千蔭(橘千蔭)とともに江戸派歌人の双璧をなし、陸奥国白河藩主で幕府老中も勤めた松平定信の寵愛を受けた。春海は特に仮名遣いに造詣が深く、『新撰字鏡』を発見し紹介した。若い頃に學んだ漢学を生涯排せず、漢詩もよく作った。
性格は(春海と号したくせに)いたって剣呑な口で「惡口は鰻よりうまし」と云ふほどの毒舌家であった、といふ。

谷文晁『近世名家肖像』より

1814/0307:ナポレオン、Bataille de Craonne.
Au Chemin des Dames, Napoléon réussit avec ses troupes une dernière victoire contre l'avancée de la guerre de libération sur Paris, la Prusse et les Russes.

Emperor Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.
 

1815/0307:ナポレオン、rencontre, à Laffrey,
 près de Grenoble, entre Napoléon Ier revenant de captivité de l'île d'Elbe et les troupes envoyées pour l'arrêter.

meeting at Laffrey, near Grenoble, between Napoleon I returning from captivity on the island of Elba and the troops sent to arrest him.

1820/0307:スペインの王、
el rey Fernando VII renuncia definitivamente al absolutismo en España.

King Ferdinand VII renounces definitively absolutism in Spain.
During the Spanish Revolution led by Rafael del Riego, King Ferdinand VII was forced to take the oath of the Cádiz constitution, which was abrogated in 1814. Thus begins the so-called Trienio Liberal. Spain will be constitutional monarchy again until 1823.

1821/0307:ナポリの反亂、オウストリに粉碎
Neapolitan rebels are crushed by the Austrians in Rieti.

The Austrian army defeats at Rieti Neapolitan troops under General Guglielmo Pepe.
The military intervention in the Kingdom of both Sicily, tolerated by the European powers, serves to calm the situation after a coup d'état of the Carbonari the previous year and the suppression of republican ambitions.

1827/0307:ブラジル海軍、
Brazilian marines unsuccessfully attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina.


1827/0307:ニュウジイランド植民地、Shrigley abduction
 Ellen Turner is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand.


1829/0307:明治の啓蒙指導者 西周182997、誕生

Nishi Amane est un philosophe japonais qui, durant l'ère Meiji, a aidé à importer la philosophie occidentale au Japon.

1837/0307:明治の裁判官 児島惟謙183708、誕生

明治時代の日本の司法官、政治家。大津事件では、大審院長として司法権の政治部門からの独立を守り抜き、「護法の神様」と高く評価された。

1843/0307:コメディフランセイズ、ユゴのドラマを上演
le dramaturge Victor Hugo connaît un échec pour sa pièce Les Burgraves représentée à la Comédie-Française.


1848/0307:
Rivoluzione a Venezia.


1849/0307:
Auflösung des österreichischen Parlaments.

Dissolution of the Austrian Parliament.

1862/0307:American Civil War
 Union forces defeat Confederate troops at the Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.


1866/0307(慶應02/0121):日本[幕末維新]
薩摩藩長州藩薩長同盟」が成立


1872/0307:抽象画家 Piet Mondrian 187244、誕生

a Dutch painter and theoretician who is regarded as one of the greatest artists of the 20th century.
He is known for being one of the pioneers of 20th century abstract art, as he changed his artistic direction from figurative painting to an increasingly abstract style, until he reached a point where his artistic vocabulary was reduced to simple geometric elements.

Composition II in Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930

Victory Boogie Woogie (1942–44)

1875/0307:作曲家 Maurice Ravel 187537、誕生

un compositeur, pianiste et chef d'orchestre français.
Il est souvent associé à l'impressionnisme avec son contemporain Claude Debussy, bien que les deux compositeurs aient rejeté le terme.
Dans les années 1920 et 1930, Ravel était considéré internationalement comme le plus grand compositeur vivant de France.


1876/0307:USA
Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the "telephone".


1878/0307:ロシア画家 Boris Mikhaylovich Kustodiev 187827、誕生

Русский художник, артист. Он славится жанровыми картинами и пейзажными картинами, необычными для русских художников, сильно использующими яркие и декоративные тона.
Russian painter, stage artist. It is famous for genre paintings and landscape paintings rarely used by Russian painters, heavily using bright and ornate tones.

商人の妻

エヴゲニイ ザミャチン(1923年)

1887/0307:幕末維新の大名 黒田長溥181187、死去

Kuroda Nagahiro was a Japanese daimyō of the late Edo period, who ruled the Fukuoka Domain.


薩摩藩主の島津重豪174533が側室の牧野千佐に生ませた子、十三男。
1822文政5年、福岡藩主の黒田斉清の娘、純姫と婚姻。婿嗣子となり、将軍徳川家斉偏諱を賜って黒田斉溥と改名。
1834天保5年11月6日、養父の隠居により家督を相続。就任後は実父の重豪に倣って福岡藩の近代化を推進。

1889/0307:日本の起業家 堤康次郎188964、誕生

Tsutsumi Yasujirō was a Japanese entrepreneur, politician, and business tycoon who founded a dynasty which became the wealthiest, most influential family of 20th century Japan.

1897/0307:USA、ケロッグ「コンフレイク」
Physician John Harvey Kellogg has the patient serve cornflakes for the first time at his sanatorium in Battle Creek, Michigan, invented with his brother Will Keith Kellogg.



1899/0307:日本の作家 石川淳189987、誕生

Ishikawa Jun、le nom de plume d'un écrivain moderniste, traducteur et critique littéraire japonais de l'ère Shōwa. Son véritable nom (écrit avec le même kanji) est Ishikawa Kiyoshi.

1900/0307:USA社会學者 Herbert Blumer 190087、誕生

an American sociologist whose main scholarly interests were symbolic interactionism and methods of social research.
Believing that individuals create social reality through collective and individual action, an American sociologist whose main scholarly interests were symbolic interactionism and methods of social research. Believing that individuals create social reality through collective and individual action,

Symbolic interactionism
Although Blumer devised the term symbolic interaction in 1931,

1900/0307:船舶で初の無線信号、
The German liner SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse becomes the first ship to send wireless signals to shore.


1902/0307:Second Boer War:
 Boers, led by Koos de la Rey, inflict the biggest defeat upon the British since the beginning of the war, at Tweebosch.


1904/0307:ドイツ金髪の悪魔 Reinhard Heydrich 190442、誕生

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich war ein deutscher SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei, der während der Diktatur des Nationalsozialismus als Leiter des Reichssicherheitshauptamts (RSHA) und Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor in Böhmen und Mähren für zahlreiche Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit verantwortlich war.

1941 wurde er von Hermann Göring mit der „Endlösung der Judenfrage“ beauftragt und war seit dieser Zeit einer der Hauptorganisatoren des Holocausts. In dieser Funktion leitete er am 20. Januar 1942 in Berlin die Wannseekonferenz, auf der die Vernichtung der im deutschen Machtbereich lebenden Juden abgesprochen wurde.

1907/0307:トンネル工事で初めて空気圧回転ハンマーを使用
During the construction of the Swiss Lötschberg tunnel, which began on November 1, 1906, pneumatic rotary hammers can be used for the first time.



1908/0307:日本で、青函連絡船の運航開始



1909/0307:USA、ワシントンで地下鐵、開業
The Congressional Subway begins operating within the Capitol Complex in Washington, D.C.


1914/0307:アルバニア
Prince William of Wied arrives in Albania to begin his reign as King.

The German Wilhelm Wied meets with his wife Sophie von Schönburg-Waldenburg and his family as the new Prince of Albania in the capital Durrës. His rule lasts only six months.


1914/0307:ジョイスの『ダブリン市民』出版
Dubliners, a cycle of 15 short stories by James Joyce, appears.


1916/0307:ドイツ、BMWとなる會社創業
Die Konkursmasse der Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenwerke wird mit den Rapp Motorenwerken zur Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) fusioniert. 1922 entwickelt sich daraus die Bayerische Motorenwerke (BMW).

The bankruptcy assets of Gustav Otto Flugmaschinenwerke are merged with Rapp Motorenwerke to form Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW). In 1922, the Bayerische Motorenwerke (BMW) developed.

1917/0307:USA、ジャズのレコウド
the first jazz record is put on the market. This is a recording from the Original Dixieland Jazz Band including a composition that will be a hit at the time: Livery Stable Blues.



1918/0307:ソ連
The Bolshevik party in power takes the name of "Communist Party of the Soviet Union".

Большевистская партия у власти носит название «Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза».

1918/0307:日本、松下幸之助、創業
松下幸之助大阪市に松下電気器具製作所(パナソニック)を創業。

Matsushita Konosuke founded Matsushita Electric Appliances Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Panasonic) in Osaka City.

1921/0307:ソ連、クロンシュタットの反乱、勃発
the sailors of the Soviet Naval Base Kronstadt mutinied.

матросы советской военно-морской базы Кронштадт мятежи.
クロンシュタットの水兵がボリシェヴィキの独裁に対して反乱

1924/0307:日本の作家 安部公房192493、誕生

Abe Kōbō, écrivain, dramaturge, photographe et inventeur japonais. Abe a souvent été comparé à Franz Kafka et Alberto Moravia pour ses sensibilités modernistes et ses explorations surréalistes, souvent cauchemardesques d'individus dans la société contemporaine.

三島由紀夫らとともに第二次戦後派に分類された。
彼の作品は海外でも高く評価され、主要作品には、小説に『砂の女』『他人の顔』『燃えつきた地図』など、戯曲に『友達』『榎本武揚』『幽霊はここにいる』など

1925/0307:ソ連赤軍によるモンゴルの占領
Occupation of Mongolia by the Red Army.

Оккупация Монголии Красной Армией.

1926/0307:最初の大西洋間の電話
First transatlantic telephone conversation between New York and London.


1927/0307:日本で「北丹後地震」発生
An earthquake measuring 7.6 in Tango province in Japan is causing more than 3,000 casualties.


1929/0307:ドイツ、ナチズム
Bei einem Zusammenstoß zwischen Anhängern der NSDAP und der KPD werden in Wöhrden drei Menschen erschlagen. Die Nationalsozialisten schlachten in der Folge die „Blutnacht von Wöhrden“ propagandistisch aus, wodurch die Region Dithmarschen eine Hochburg des Nationalsozialismus wird.

In a clash between supporters of the NSDAP and the KPD three people are killed in Wöhrden. The National Socialists then propagandistically exploit the "Blood Night of Wöhrden", making the Dithmarschen region a stronghold of National Socialism.

1932/0307:日本、東京で獵奇「玉の井バラバラ殺人事件」發生
東京都墨田区玉の井「お歯黒どぶ」から男のバラバラ死体発見。
この時初めて「バラバラ殺人」の見出しが踊った。


1933/0307:日本軍の滿蒙進出
由於熱河被日本佔領,張學良被迫引咎辭職下野。

Due to the Japanese occupation of Rehe, Zhang Xueliang was forced to resign.

1935/0307:ザアル地方、ドイツに戻る
After referendum, Saarland is returned to Germany.


1936/0307:ヒトラーロカルノ条約を破棄してラインラントに進駐
Hitler verstößt gegen die Locarno-Paktabkommen und den Versailler Vertrag, indem er das Rheinland einnimmt und remilitarisiert.

In Übertretung der Verträge von Locarno und des Vertrags von Versailles besetzt das nationalsozialistische Deutschland das Rheinland wieder. Die Rheinlandbesetzung ist Hitlers zweiter Verstoß gegen den Versailler Vertrag nach der Einführung der Allgemeinen Wehrpflicht.
Prelude to WWⅡ In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.

1940/0307:ドイツの反体制行動家 Rudi Dutschke 194079、誕生

Alfred Willi Rudolf „Rudi“ Dutschke war ein deutscher marxistischer Soziologe und politischer Aktivist.
Er gilt als Wortführer der Studentenbewegung der 1960er Jahre in West-Berlin und in Westdeutschland. Dutschke war mit Gretchen Dutschke-Klotz verheiratet, mit der er drei Kinder hatte. Bei einem Attentat auf ihn im April 1968 erlitt er schwere Hirnverletzungen, an deren Spätfolgen er 1979 starb.

 社会の機構の完全な一部となることにより、政府や社会の中から過激な変革を実現するという「制度内への長征」(long march through the institutions)を提唱 


1940/0307:日本、齋藤隆夫の反軍演説
戦争政策批判により衆議院民政党斎藤隆夫を除名処分

Due to criticism of war policy, the House of Representatives excludes Mr. Saito Takao from the political party

1941/0307:WWⅡ
British forces enter Abyssinia (now Ethiopia), occupied by Italians.


1943/0307:WWⅡ
German counterattacks against the British 8th Army in Tunisia.


1945/0307:地理學者 Albrecht Penck 185845、死去

Albrecht Friedrich Karl Penck war ein deutscher Geograph und Geologe.
Penck widmete sich besonders der Geomorphologie, den glazialen Landschaftsformen und der Klimatologie.

Namer of land hemisphere / water hemisphere

His achievements include research on the spread of German culture in Europe and sophistication of the concept of "Lebensraum (LivingArea)" proposed by Friedrich Ratzel

Regarding geomorphism, he was skeptical of the topography (erosion circle) theory that William Davies of the American geographer "topography changes in childhood> adolescence> seniority> quasi-plain order"

1945/0307:WWⅡ
 American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine river at Remagen.

Überquerung des Rheins durch die Alliierten auf der Brücke von Remagen und Einmarsch der amerikanischen Truppen in Deutschland.

Crossing of the Rhine by the Allies on the bridge of Remagen and entry of the American troops in Germany.

1945/0307:WWⅡ、
the British enter Mandalay (Burma).


1945/0307:WWⅡ、日米太平洋戰爭、硫黄島
American victory at Iwo Jima: 216 Japanese prisoners out of the 21,000 soldiers occupying the island. The Americans have previously conquered Manila and Corregidor, where only twenty-six Japanese were taken prisoner.


1947/0307:中國「國共內戰」
 國民政府和中國共產黨談判破裂,中共全部談判代表撤回延安,內戰再起。

KMT-CPC civil war: the Nationalist government and the Chinese Communist Party cracked down negotiations, all the Chinese Communist negotiators withdrew to Yan'an, the civil war resumed.

1949/0307:USA、
"Dodge Line" announced

「ドッジ・ライン」日本経済の自立と安定とのために実施された財政金融引き締め政策。インフレと国内消費抑制と輸出振興が軸

1950/0307:Cold War
 The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.


1951/0307:
Prime Minister Ali Razmara is assassinated by a fanatic; the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and other foreign companies will then be nationalized.


1951/0307:Korean War: Operation Ripper
 United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgway begin an assault against Chinese forces.


1954/0307:ソ連
the USSR wins the world ice hockey championship from its first participation.


1957/0307:USA
The US Senate adopts the "Eisenhower doctrine", aimed at protecting the independence of the countries of the Middle East.


1959/0307:日本の政事家 鳩山一郎188359、死去

Hatoyama Ichirō was a Japanese politician and 35th Prime Minister of Japan, serving terms from 10 December 1954 through 19 March 1955, from then to 22 November 1955, and from then through 23 December 1956.

首相在任中、保守合同を成し遂げて自由民主党の初代総裁となり、日本とソビエト連邦の国交回復を実現した。また、彼の内閣(鳩山一郎内閣)から、55年体制が始まった。

1965/0307:USA「Bloody Sunday」
 a group of 600 civil rights marchers is brutally attacked by state and local police in Selma, Alabama.

Beginning of civil rights marches from Selma to Montgomery. It's the "Bloody Sunday". The crackdown on Alabama governor George Wallace forced Johnson to place his national guard under federal control.

1967/0307:インドネシア、政變
Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Sementara (MPRS), Indonesian provisional parliament, revoked Sukarno's mandate as President of Indonesia.


1968/0307:Vietnam War
 The United States and South Vietnamese military begin Operation Truong Cong Dinh to root out Viet Cong forces from the area surrounding Mỹ Tho.


1971/0307:數學&哲學 Richard Montague 193071、殺害

an American mathematician and philosopher.

He pioneered a logical approach to natural language semantics which became known as Montague grammar. This approach to language has been especially influential among certain computational linguists—perhaps more so than among more traditional philosophers of language. In particular, Montague's influence lives on in grammar approaches like categorial grammar (such as Unification Categorial Grammar, Left-Associate Grammar, or Combinatory Categorial Grammar), which attempt a derivation of syntactic and semantic representation in tandem and the semantics of quantifiers, scope and discourse (Hans Kamp, a student of Montague, co-developed Discourse Representation Theory).

Montague was an accomplished organist and a successful real estate investor. He died violently in his own home; the crime is unsolved to this day. Anita Feferman and Solomon Feferman argue that he usually went to bars "cruising" and bringing people home with him.
On the day that he was murdered, he brought home several people "for some kind of soirée", but they instead robbed his house and strangled him

1972/0307:

連合赤軍山岳ベース事件で警官隊により最初の遺体が発見

1975/0307:文学思想家 Mikhaïl Bakhtine 189575、死去

русский философ, культуролог, теоретик европейской культуры и искусства. Исследователь языка, эпических форм повествования и жанра европейского романа.
Le créateur d'une nouvelle théorie du roman européen, y compris le concept de polyphonisme (polyphonie) dans une œuvre littéraire. Explorant les principes artistiques du roman de François Rabelais, Bakhtin développa la théorie d'une culture populaire universelle du rire.


His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and psychology.
Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s.

バフチンによれば、真理は特定の視点によっては表現することはできず、どれほど複雑かつ高度なものであっても、つねに複数の認識の視点と一つの視点との相違は還元不可能なままに残る。この相違を還元不可能なものとする視点からは、複数の限定的な視点を、より高次の複雑かつ総合的な一つの視点によって完全に代替することはできないことになる。

1976/0307:ロンドン、マダムタッソの蝋人形館に
A performance of Elton John is exhibited in Madame Tussaud's wax museum in London. The artist is the first rock artist since the Beatles in 1964 to receive this honor in the famous establishment.


1977/0307:
The 1st Arab and Africa Summit held in Cairo

第1回「アラブアフリカ首脳会議」がカイロで開催

1980/0307:國境なき医師団、世界の医師団を創設へ
After disputes within the organization Doctors Without Borders, the French physician and politician Bernard Kouchner, together with 14 other people, founds the international aid organization Médecins du Monde (Doctors of the World).


1980/0307:日本、芸能界
アイドル歌手の山口百恵三浦友和と婚約、と同時に芸能界引退を発表

Idol singer Momoe Yamaguchi is engaged to Tomokazu Miura, announced retirement in the entertainment world at the same time

1981/0307:日本の起業家 出光佐三188581、死去

Idemitsu Sazō was a Japanese businessman and founder of the petroleum company Idemitsu Kosan.
Japanese businessman, petroleum engineer, maritime businessman from Meiji to the end of World War II. Originally petroleum company founder of Idemitsu Kosan

皇室をふかく尊崇してゐた彼の死去に、昭和天皇は「出光佐三逝く 三月七日 国のため ひとよつらぬき 尽くしたる きみまた去りぬ さびしと思ふ」と詠んだ。

1983/0307:作曲&指揮 Igor Markevitch 191283、死去

un chef d'orchestre et compositeur, né le 27 juillet 1912 à Kiev en Ukraine et mort le 7 mars 1983 à Antibes. Il fut naturalisé italien en 1947 et français en 1982.

{すごい経歴。

1983/0307:イギリスのソ連スパイ Donald Maclean 191383、死去

Donald Duart Maclean was a British diplomat and member of the Cambridge Five who acted as spies for the Soviet Union.

1985/0307:「We are the world
release of the song We are the world in favor of USA for Africa, written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie. It will raise $ 50 million against famine in Ethiopia.


1986/0307:Challenger Disaster
 Divers from the USS Preserver locate the crew cabin of Challenger on the ocean floor.


1987/0307:台湾で「東崗慘案, Lieyu massacre」
Taiwanese military massacre of 19 unarmed Vietnamese refugees at Donggang, Lieyu, Kinmen.

Lieyu massacre. The Taiwanese army massacred 19 or more Vietnamese unarmed refugees seeking political asylum in Donggang, Lieyu, Kinmen.


1989/0307:
Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel, The Satanic Verses.


1994/0307:USA、最高裁「Fair use」判定
The US Supreme Court validates "fair use" of extracts for the purpose of satire without permission from the author.


1999/0307:映画作家 Stanley Kubrick 192899、死去

an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history. His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music.

aged 21, in 1949
 

2000/0307:進化論的思想家 William Donald Hamilton 193600、死去

William Donald "Bill" Hamilton was an English evolutionary biologist, widely recognised as one of the most significant evolutionary theorists of the 20th century.


Hamilton became famous through his theoretical work expounding a rigorous genetic basis for the existence of altruism, an insight that was a key part of the development of a gene-centric view of evolution. He is considered one of the forerunners of sociobiology, as popularized by E. O. Wilson. Hamilton also published important work on sex ratios and the evolution of sex.

血縁選択説と包括適応度を提唱、Charles Darwin 180982 以来の難問であった生物の利他的行動を進化の観点から理解する道を拓いた。近親交配性の狩りバチなどに見られる異常な性比を説明する局所的配偶競争や、進化ゲイム理論につながる「打ち負かされない戦略」を提唱


He had written an essay on My intended burial and why in which he wrote:
“ I will leave a sum in my last will for my body to be carried to Brazil and to these forests. It will be laid out in a manner secure against the possums and the vultures just as we make our chickens secure; and this great Coprophanaeus beetle will bury me. They will enter, will bury, will live on my flesh; and in the shape of their children and mine, I will escape death. No worm for me nor sordid fly, I will buzz in the dusk like a huge bumble bee. I will be many, buzz even as a swarm of motorbikes, be borne, body by flying body out into the Brazilian wilderness beneath the stars, lofted under those beautiful and un-fused elytra which we will all hold over our backs. So finally I too will shine like a violet ground beetle under a stone.
≫ 遺体はブラジルへ、この森へ運ぶように遺言を書き残す...この偉大なダイコクコガネが私を埋葬してくれるはずだ。彼らは私の中に入り込み、私の体を土に埋め、私の肉を食べて生きるだろう。私は彼らの子孫と私の子孫に姿を変えて生き残っていく。...体は次々と空に舞い上がり、星々の下に広がるブラジルの大原野へ飛んでいく。その背には皆、美しい翅鞘をそなえ、それを広げて空高く飛翔する。そしてついに私は、石の下で見たあのオサムシのように、紫色に輝くのだ
https://is.gd/UCoiRd

2004/0307:船舶事故
About 120 people died during the sinking of the Samson ferry between the Comoros and Madagascar during the cyclone Gafilo.


2004/0307:ヨウロパ一の高層建物、破壞?倒壊?
The "long Oskar", an office tower of the Sparkasse in Hagen is blown up. This is the largest office tower ever to have been blown up in Europe.



2006/0307:インドで連続爆破事件
The terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba coordinates a series of bombings in Varanasi, India.


2009/0307:IRA
The Real Irish Republican Army kills two British soldiers and injures two other soldiers and two civilians at Massereene Barracks, the first British military deaths in Northern Ireland since the end of The Troubles.


2014/0307:日本、大阪、
日本一の高層ビル「あべのハルカス」が全面開業。

The top skyscraper in Japan "Abe no Harukasu" is opening totally.


2015/0307:IS、古代遺跡の破壊
Islamic State shaves explosives and bulldozes the ancient ruins of the Parthian city of Hatra.








 

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