02/24：地球儀を囘すやうにして歴史を眺める「世界史を意識しつゝ

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World

1652 world map by Claes Janszoon Visscher

歴史暦：古今東西　０２／２４　今日の出來事

『自國史と世界史』

歴史をながめる 

あさく、ひろく、まるく、地球儀をなでまはすやうに、

歴史の旅人となり、歴史の天使となったつもりで、

すると、歴史はその時空をかさねるやうに、

時と所をとほく、はるかに違へながらも、

一つの史實はよく似た史實を想起させ、

古今が、東西が、重なり見えてくる

そして、古今東西、重なる史實は、

人間の本性といったものを

私に思はせるのである

世界史として

 

0484/0224：
King Huneric removes the Christian bishops from their offices and banished some to Corsica. A few are martyred, including former proconsul Victorian along with Frumentius and other merchants. They are killed at Hadrumetum after refusing to become Arians.

1103/0224(康和05/0116)：日本 074天皇 鳥羽宗仁110356、誕生

Emperor Toba was the 74th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
堀河天皇の皇子。母は贈皇太后・藤原苡子。子の崇徳天皇・近衛天皇・後白河天皇の3代28年に渡り院政を敷いた。
生後間もなく母が死去、祖父の白河法皇に養育された。7ヶ月で立太子され、父の堀河天皇の死後、五歳で即位。

1184/0224(元暦01/0111)：日本[源平合戰]
朝日將軍こと源義仲115484、後白河112792上皇により征夷大將軍に任ぜられる。

1303/0224：スコットランド獨立戰爭「Battle of Roslin」
At the Battle of Roslin during the Scottish War of Independence, a Scottish army defeats an English army.

La bataille de Roslin opposa Anglais et Écossais en 1303/02, lors de la première guerre d’indépendance de l’Écosse. Elle n'impliqua que quelques centaines de soldats dans les deux camps, et les Écossais sous le conduite de John III Comyn en sortirent vainqueurs.
↑
An Anglo-Scottish truce expired on 30 November 1302, and the English prepared for a fresh invasion of Scotland, with John Segrave as the king's lieutenant in Scotland. King Edward ordered Segrave to carry out a large-scale reconnaissance as far as Kirkintilloch, before the king himself fought a larger campaign. This force assembled at Wark on Tweed and moved north.

 

1304/0224：Ibn Battuta 130469、誕生

a Moroccan scholar who widely travelled the medieval world.
Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the Islamic world and many non-Muslim lands, including North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia and China. Near the end of his life, he dictated an account of his journeys, titled A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Travelling (تحفة النظار في غرائب الأمصار وعجائب الأسفار, Tuḥfat an-Nuẓẓār fī Gharāʾib al-Amṣār wa ʿAjāʾib al-Asfār), usually simply referred to as The Travels (الرحلة, Rihla). This account of his journeys provides a picture of medieval civilisation that is still widely consulted today.

1386/0224：ハンガリ＆ナポリ王、暗殺される
King Charles II of Hungary, in person also King Charles III of Naples, is murdered in Visegrád by nobles.

Charles III of Naples（= Charles the Short or Charles of Durazzo 134586） was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II. In 1382 Charles created the order of Argonauts of Saint Nicholas. In 1383 he succeeded to the Principality of Achaea on the death of James of Baux.

1463/0224：ルネサンス思想家 Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 146394、誕生

Giovanni Pico dei conti della Mirandola e della Concordia, noto come Pico della Mirandola è stato un umanista e filosofo italiano.

L'infanzia di Pico della Mirandola, di Paul Delaroche, 1842

この年でもう「考へる人」ポウズしてやがる。できすぎだ。

お母さんも美しすぎるし、やりすぎだ。

He studied law at the University of Bologna, church law at the University of Padova, and in various places, then went to Florence, met the famous Marcelio ficino as a philosopher. Young talent was demonstrated, Plato in Greek and Old Testament in Hebrew. He was a man of knowledge and a valet stood up, becoming one of the central figures of the Medici's Plato Academy.
He is famed for the events of 1486, when, at the age of 23, he proposed to defend 900 theses on religion, philosophy, natural philosophy, and magic against all comers, for which he wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, which has been called the "Manifesto of the Renaissance", and a key text of Renaissance humanism and of what has been called the "Hermetic Reformation".

1495/0224：フランス王、ナポリに凱旋入城
le roi de France Charles VIII entre victorieux dans Naples.

1500/0224：ハプスブルグ皇帝 Karl V. (HRR) 150058、誕生

ein Angehöriger des Herrscherhauses Habsburg.
Charles de Habsbourg dit Charles Quint, fils de Philippe le Beau et de Jeanne la Folle, maître notamment de l'Espagne et de son empire colonial, des 17 provinces des Pays-Bas, du royaume de Naples, des possessions des Habsbourg, élu empereur des Romains en 1519, est le monarque le plus puissant de la première moitié du XVIe siècle.
Charles V was ruler of both the Spanish Empire as Charles I from 1516 and the Holy Roman Empire as Charles V from 1519, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506. He voluntarily stepped down from these and other positions by a series of abdications between 1554 and 1556. Through inheritance, he brought together under his rule extensive territories in western, central, and southern Europe, and the Spanish viceroyalties in the Americas and Asia. As a result, his domains spanned nearly 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) and were the first to be described as "the empire on which the sun never sets".
Carlos I de España y V del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, reinó junto con su madre —esta última de forma solamente nominal y hasta 1555— en todos los reinos y territorios hispánicos con el nombre de Carlos I desde 1516a​ hasta 1556, reuniendo así por primera vez en una misma persona las Coronas de Castilla —el Reino de Navarra inclusive— y Aragón. Asimismo, fue emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico como Carlos V de 1520 a 1558.
Carlo d'Asburgo è stato Imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero come Carlo V, Re di Napoli come Carlo IV, Duca di Borgogna come Carlo II, Re di Spagna, Re di Sardegna e Re di Sicilia come Carlo I. Tra il 1554 e il 1556 rinunciò volontariamente a tutte queste cariche in una serie di abdicazioni. Grazie a svariate eredità riunì sotto il suo dominio estesi territori nell'Europa occidentale, centrale e meridionale e delle colonie spagnole nelle Americhe e in Asia. Padrone di un impero talmente vasto ed esteso che si estendeva su quasi quattro milioni di chilometri quadrati gli viene tradizionalmente attribuita l'affermazione secondo cui sul suo regno non tramontasse mai il sole
｛名前くらゐもっと統一したらどうなんだ。

1525/0224：スペインのカルロス、フランスのフランソワを捕虜に
A Spanish-Austrian army defeats a French army at the Battle of Pavia.

François Ier, est fait prisonnier à Pavie par l'empereur Charles Quint (V).
In the Battle of Pavia, the troops of the Roman-German King Charles V win under the command of Georg von Frundsberg and capture the French King Francis I.

 

イタリア戰爭のなかの戦闘。スペインを中心とした連合國軍とフランス軍とが、ロンバルディアのパヴィア城外のミラベッロにある廣大な狩獵場で戦闘をくりひろげること、四時間半。小銃と槍（pique=pike）とを驅使してくる連合國軍にフランス軍はタジタジとなり、分斷され總崩れとなった。François I 149447 自身もスペイン軍の捕虜となり、Karl V 150058 ＝Carlos I によって投獄され、（フランスの領土であったブルゴウニュ･ミラノ公国･ナポリ公国･フランドルなどを放棄する）屈辱的な内容のマドリッド条約に署名させられた。

 

1530/0224：Karl=Carlos=Charles Quint
 est couronné empereur par le pape Clément VII.

1538/0224：Treaty of Nagyvárad
 between Ferdinand I and John Zápolya.

The Peace of Oradea ends the 12-year civil war that erupted after the death of Louis II in the Battle of Mohács for the Hungarian throne. Ferdinand I recognizes Johann Zápolya as King of Hungary, but secures in the event of his death the successor.
In 1533, the Ottomans made peace and ceded western Hungary to Ferdinand. Ferdinand now began to press Zápolya for control of the rest. In 1538, by the Treaty of Nagyvárad, Zápolya designated Ferdinand to be his successor after his death, as he was childless.

Ferdinad I 150364、神聖ロウマ帝國皇帝　オウストリア系ハプスブルク家の開祖で、オウストリア･ドイツ･ボヘミア･ハンガリイを統治。Karl V 150058 の實弟。スペインで生まれスペインで育った。が、1516 兄のカルロスと交換されるかたちでオウストリアへ行き、終生スペインに戻ることはなかった。その原因となったのは、 ――
1515、ハンガリイ王國の Jagiello ヤギエロ家とハプスブルク家の二つの結婚が決められ、この時、相手が未定であったヤギエロ家の長女、アンナ（時に八歳）はハプスブルク系の當主 Maximillian I 145919 が仮の夫として婚約した。そして、六年後の1521、マクシミリアンの孫になるフェルディナンドと正式の結婚となった。もう一つの結婚は、フェルディナントの妹マリアが、アンナの弟のラヨシュIIと翌年、結婚。ラヨシュは1526のモハチの戰でオスマン帝國に二十歳で敗死、嗣子がなかったので、フェルディナンドがハンガリイとベエメンの王に選ばれた。フェルディナントは愛のカアルが神聖ロウマ帝國の皇帝在位中はドイツ王となり、1556に兄から讓位され帝位に就いた。

マクシミリアンIとその家族 

1555/0224：Abdication de Charles Quint.

1563/0224：Assassinat du duc François de Guise.

1582/0224：ユリウス暦からグレゴリウス暦へ
With the papal bull Inter gravissimas, Pope Gregory XIII announces the Gregorian calendar.

Gregory XIII signs the papal bull Inter gravissimas for the introduction of the Gregorian calendar.

Inter gravissimas＝The document, written in Latin, reformed the Julian calendar. The reform came to be regarded as a new calendar in its own right and came to be called the Gregorian calendar, which is used in most countries today.

1607/0224：イタリア、最初となるオペラ、初演
L'Orfeo, una Favola in musica di Claudio Monteverdi, debutta nel palazzo ducale dell'Accademia degli Invaghiti a Mantova. Il lavoro è spesso definito come la prima opera.

L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi, one of the first works recognized as an opera, receives its première performance.

Claudio Monteverdi 156743 の最初のオペラ的作品となった L'Orfeo（オルフェ）、イタリアのマントヴァで初演。

1663/0224：
Louis XIV dissout la Compagnie des Cent-Associés, qui a failli dans sa mission d’assurer la colonisation de la Nouvelle-France, et rattache la colonie à la Couronne.

1664/0224：イギリス発明家 Thomas Newcomen 166429、誕生

an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine in 1712, the Newcomen atmospheric engine. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling.

In those days flooding in coal and tin mines was a major problem, and Newcomen was soon engaged in trying to improve ways to pump out the water from such mines. His ironmonger's business specialised in designing, manufacturing and selling tools for the mining industry.

1670/0224：
Louis XIV ordonne par édit royal la construction de l'hôtel des Invalides.

 

 

 

1704/0224：フランス作曲家 Marc-Antoine Charpentier 164304、死去

1672年頃、Jean-Baptiste Lully 163287と不和になった Molière162273 と協力関係に入る。
1680年代、パリのイエズス会系のサンルイ教会の楽長。シャルトル公フィリップの音楽教師にもなる。
1698年、サントシャペルの楽長になり、1704年の死までその地位にあった。

1711/0224：ロンドンでヘンデル、イタリアンオペラ、初演
The London première of Rinaldo by George Frideric Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage.

1739/0224：インドで「Battle of Karnal」:
 The army of Iranian ruler Nader Shah defeats the forces of the Mughal emperor of India, Muhammad Shah.

インドのカルナルで、ムガル帝国とアフシャル朝イランとの戰。結果は、アフシャルイランの壓勝となった。この敗戦はムガル帝国の衰退の直接的な原因となった。

Shahanshah Nader Shah, and Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah.

1786/0224：グリム兄弟の弟 Wilhelm Grimm 178659、誕生

ein deutscher Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaftler sowie Märchen- und Sagensammler.
Sein Lebenslauf und sein Werk ist eng mit dem seines ein Jahr älteren Bruders Jacob Grimm verbunden, worauf die oft gebrauchte Bezeichnung Brüder Grimm hinweist.

1803/0224：USA、
In Marbury vs Madison, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the principle of judicial review.

マベリvsマディソン事件で連邦最高裁が「憲法に反する法令は無効」とする判決。連邦最高裁の違憲審査制が確立。

1809/0224：ロンドンの劇場、火災
London's Drury Lane Theatre burns to the ground, leaving owner Richard Brinsley Sheridan destitute.

After standing only 15 years, the third Drury Lane theatre building burned down. This painting from the period, artist unknown, shows the view of the fire from the Westminster Bridge.

1810/0224：イギリス科學者 Henry Cavendish 173110、死去

a British natural philosopher, scientist, and an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.
Cavendish is noted for his discovery of hydrogen or what he called "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper "On Factitious Airs". Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name.
＆
A notoriously shy man (it has been postulated that he was on the autism spectrum), Cavendish was nonetheless distinguished for great accuracy and precision in his researches into the composition of atmospheric air, the properties of different gases, the synthesis of water, the law governing electrical attraction and repulsion, a mechanical theory of heat, and calculations of the density (and hence the mass) of the Earth.
His experiment to measure the density of the Earth has come to be known as the Cavendish experiment.

1812/0224：フランス＆プロシア
Signature of a Franco-Prussian military convention by which Prussia grants all facilities of parking and supply to the Grand Army en route to Russia, as well as the sending of an army corps of twenty thousand men.

1815/0224：蒸氣船と潜水艦 Robert Fulton 176515、死去

an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Clermonts.
That steamboat went with passengers from New York City to Albany and back again, a round trip of 300 miles, in 62 hours in 1807.
In 1800, he was commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte to attempt to design Nautilus, which was the first practical submarine in history. He is also credited with inventing some of the world's earliest naval torpedoes for use by the British Royal Navy.

 

A drawing of Fulton's invention "Nautilus"

1821/0224：メキシコ獨立戰爭
Final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain with Plan of Iguala.

El general Agustín de Iturbide proclama la independencia de México.
In the Mexican War of Independence, Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero announce the plan of Iguala, in which the idea of an independent, Catholic and united Mexico is formulated.

1822/0224：

The first Swaminarayan temple in the world, Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad, is inaugurated.

1825/0224(文政08/0107)：歌川豐國176925、死去

Utagawa Toyokuni、un artiste japonais d'estampes ukiyo-e.

二代目市川團十郎

既に寛政四年に勝川春章は世を去り、春英らが役者絵を描いてゐたが、大衆はあらたな表現を求めてゐた。そこに豐國の役者繪『役者舞台之姿絵』が登場。その後、大首絵などの役者絵、芝居絵を彼が独占するやうになり、文化文政年間には客觀的描寫力をたかめ、形式も三枚続に一場面を舞台の背景も描き、より一層大衆の人気を得た。

1826/0224：イギリスvsビルマ「Treaty of Yandabo」調印
The kingdom of Arakan in Southeast Asia is subject to British protection. It is integrated in British India.

1831/0224：USA、先住民族の移動のために「Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek」
, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.

1834/0224：
General Desmichel signs, without the advice of the French government, a treaty with the Berber leader Abd el-Kader who recognizes the latter as commander of the believers and sovereignty over the beylik of Oran, excluding cities of Oran, Arzew and Mostaganem.

1848/0224：フランス二月革命、ルイフィリップを退位
Abdication de Louis-Philippe, roi des Français et instauration de la deuxième République.

The February Revolution ends the rule of the French citizen King Louis Philippe of Orléans. He thanks - shortly after his Prime Minister François Guizot, to whom the sentence "Enrichissez-vous" is attributed. The Republic is subsequently proclaimed.

1846以來の恐慌の影響のもと、社界不安が醸成されるなか、逝去法改正をはじめとする政治改革をうたふ『改革宴會』と呼ばれることになるバンケットが催されることになったが、1848/022開催予定の改革宴會が政府により開催禁止になると、これに反撥した民衆が激昂して蜂起、フランス二月革命へとなっていった。
國王 Louis Philippe I 177350は、首相のギゾを更迭して切り拔けようとしたが、事態の収拾はつかず、翌0224、退位してイギリスへ亡命した。
同日、パリでは共和主義者と社會主義者により組織された臨時政府によって共和制が宣言され、第二共和政が成立した。ルイフィリップはイギリスで二年半後、客死した。かうして、ユグカペに始まるカペ王朝とその支流によるフランス王制はこゝに終焉した。

Louis-Philippe caricaturé en Gargantua (1831) en forme de poire par Honoré Daumier qui accentue sa bedaine et ses rouflaquettes, et qui le profilera aussi en rat ou perroquet18.

1848/0224：フランス二月革命、émeute à Rouen
 : le pont de chemin de fer dit pont aux Anglais est incendié par les émeutiers.

1854/0224：イギリス「A Penny Red」
 with perforations was the first perforated postage stamp to be officially issued for distribution.

 

A perforated Penny Red with letters in four corners and plate 148, therefore printed 1871 or later

Stamps from the later plates which run from numbers 71 to 225 are relatively common, often only worth a few pence with the exception of plate 225 which is scarce and can be worth a few hundred pounds and plate 77, is very rare[4] and in 2016, an example from this plate was auctioned for UK£495,000.
｛少年の時、切手集めをしてゐた頃、高價な切手として識ってゐたやうな氣がする。

1856/0224：非ユクリド幾何学 Nikolaï Lobatchevski 179256、死去

a Russian mathematician and geometer, known primarily for his work on hyperbolic geometry, otherwise known as Lobachevskian geometry and also his fundamental study on Dirichlet integrals known as Lobachevsky integral formula.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Lobachevsky.jpg

1829年に『幾何学の新原理並びに平行線の完全な理論』 (Новые начала геометрии с полною теорией параллельных) 。ついで Geometrische Untersuchungen zur Theorie der Parallellinien (1840年) をベルリンで刊行。これらにより彼は Bolyai János 180260 とは独立に非ユクリド幾何学の創始者となった。

1863/0224：
Arizona is organized as a United States territory.

After the conquest of the Confederate Territory of Arizona by Union troops in the New Mexico campaign of the Civil War, the former New Mexico Territory of US President Abraham Lincoln is shared by the Arizona Organic Act. The western part becomes Arizona Territory with the capital Prescott, while the eastern part retains its name.

1866/0224：ドイツ北部、プロイセン王國中心に連邦
Overthrow of Prince Cuza. To replace him, Bismarck and Napoleon III choose Charles-Frederick, cousin of the King of Prussia, who takes the name of Carol I of Romania.

1867年 - Der am 14. Februar gewählte verfassungsgebende Reichstag des Norddeutschen Bundes hält seine konstituierende Sitzung ab. Eduard von Simson wird Reichstagspräsident.
The constituent Reichstag of the North German Confederation, elected on February 14, holds its constituent meeting. Eduard von Simson becomes President of the Reichstag.

1868/0224：USA、
Andrew Johnson becomes the first President of the United States to be impeached by the United States House of Representatives. He is later acquitted in the Senate.

Andrew Johnson 180875：17th President of the United State　Abraham Lincoln 180965 の副大統領だったが、リンカンが暗殺されて大統領に、そして

1871/0224：Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex appears.
In it he deals with the tribal history of man and with sexual selection and uses here for the first time the term "evolution".

The book discusses many related issues, including evolutionary psychology, evolutionary ethics, differences between human races, differences between sexes, the dominant role of women in mate choice, and the relevance of the evolutionary theory to society.

1873/0224：日本[明治維新]
明治政府、キリシタン禁制の高札を取り除き、キリスト教を黙認。

The Meiji government eliminated the Tigers of the Christian Tyrannism and tolerated Christianity.

1875/0224：船舶事故
The SS Gothenburg hits the Great Barrier Reef and sinks off the Australian east coast, killing approximately 100, including a number of high-profile civil servants and dignitaries.

On the coast of Queensland, the passenger steamer Gothenburg is surprised by a cyclone and bounces on rocks of the Great Barrier Reef. The ship is stuck on the rocks and slowly flooded. 113 people die.

1876/0224：イプセン『ペエルギュント』グリイクの音樂付で初演
Henrik Ibsen 182806 dramatisches Gedicht `Peer Gynt` wird mit Edvard Grieg 184307 s Bühnenmusik im Christiania Theater in Christiania, dem heutigen Oslo, uraufgeführt.

1881/0224：
China and Russia sign the Sino-Russian Ili Treaty.

1895/0224：Spanish–American War
Revolution breaks out in Baire, a town near Santiago de Cuba, beginning the Cuban War of Independence, that ends with the Spanish–American War in 1898.

1896/0224：フランス化學者、放射線を發見
Henri Becquerel découvre que la radioactivité a des conséquences.

Le physicien français Henri Becquerel présente ses découvertes sur le rayonnement radioactif de l'uranium de l'Académie des sciences.

1901/0224：日本、愛國婦人會、結成

1904/0224：日本vsロシア「日露戦争: 第一次旅順港閉塞作戦」發動

1905/0224：スヰスとイタリアを結ぶ「シンプロントンネル」完通
The breakthrough of the landmark tunnel during the construction of the Simplon tunnel succeeds. The railway tunnel connects Switzerland and Italy.

（イタリア語: Traforo del Sempione、ドイツ語: Simplontunnel）開通

1916/0224：朝鮮
The Governor-General of Korea establishes a clinic called Jahyewon in Sorokdo to segregate Hansen's disease patients.

1917/0224：WWⅠ
 The U.S. ambassador Walter Hines Page to the United Kingdom is given the Zimmermann Telegram, in which Germany pledges to ensure the return of New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona to Mexico if Mexico declares war on the United States.

アメリカの駐英大使が、イギリスが傍受したツィンメルマン電報を受け取る

1918/0224：Estonian Declaration of Independence.

1920/0224：The Nazi Party is founded.

Die Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) geht durch Umbenennung aus der Deutschen Arbeiterpartei hervor. Am gleichen Tag verkündet Adolf Hitler im Münchner Hofbräuhaus das von ihm, Anton Drexler und Gottfried Feder verfasste 25-Punkte-Programm, mit dem unter anderem der Aufbau eines totalitären Staates gefordert wird.

1921/0224：デンマアクで、太古の少女、偶然發掘
When cleaning up a hill, farmer Peder Platz in Jutland finds a tree coffin. In it, according to research by Danish scientists, the girl discovered by Egtved, who was buried in the Nordic Bronze Age (1800-530 BC).

 

 

 

 

1931/0224：日本の歴史家 久米邦武183931、死去

Kume Kunitake est un scientifique japonais et historien pendant les ères Meiji et Taishō.

1888明治21、帝国大学教授兼臨時編年史編纂委員に就任、重野安繹らとともに修史事業に関与する。在職中の1892、田口卯吉の勧めにより雑誌『史海』に転載した論文「神道ハ祭天ノ古俗」の内容が問題となり、両職を辞任した（久米邦武筆禍事件）。
1895明治28、大隈重信の招きで東京専門学校（早稲田大学）に転じ、1922に退職するまで、歴史学者として日本古代史や古文書学を講じた。

1933/0224：日本、國際連盟を脱退

國際聯盟總會で、「滿洲を國際管理下に置くことを」を提案するリットン調査團の報告書を採擇。日本全權大使の松岡洋右188046、聯盟脱退を宣言し退場。

1938/0224：USA、ナイロン歯ブラシ、新発売
The US company DuPont manufactures the first toothbrushes with nylon bristles.

1942/0224：WWⅡ、USA、外國向け放送「Voice Of America」、放送開始。

1942/0224：WWⅡ、「Battle of Los Angeles」
 A false alarm led to an anti-aircraft barrage that lasted into the early hours of February 25.

During the Second World War, it comes to the Los Angeles City of Los Angeles for the Battle of Los Angeles, a to this day not completely cleared aerial combat.

日本海軍の伊号第一七潜水艦がカリフォルニア州エルウッドの製油所を砲撃。
The No.17 submarine of the Japanese Navy bombarded the refinery in Elwood, California.

1942/0224：カナダで
An order-in-council passed under the Defence of Canada Regulations of the War Measures Act gives the Canadian federal government the power to intern all "persons of Japanese racial origin".

1944/0224：ビルマで「Merrill's Marauders」
 The Marauders begin their 1,000-mile journey through Japanese occupied Burma.

1945/0224：日本の學僧 河口慧海186645、死去

un moine bouddhiste japonais célèbre pour ses quatre voyages au Népal (en 1899, 1903, 1905 and 1913), et ses deux voyages au Tibet (4 juillet 1900 - 15 juin 1902, 1913-1915). Il est le premier Japonais à avoir séjourné dans ces deux pays
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Ekai_Kawaguchi_1904.jpg
漢語に音訳された佛典に疑問を抱き、梵語の原典とチベット語訳の佛典入手を決意。日本人として初めてチベットへの入国を敢行
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1903明治36に帰国した慧海は、チベットでの体験を新聞に発表、さらにその内容をまとめて1904に『西蔵旅行記』を刊行した。

1945/0224：エジプト首相、暗殺される
Egyptian Premier Ahmad Mahir Pasha is killed in Parliament after reading a decree.

1946/0224：アルゼンチン、ペロン
El general Juan Perón es elegido presidente de Argentina.

Colonel Juan Perón, founder of the political movement that became known as Peronism, is elected to his first term as President of Argentina.

1948/0224：チェコ、共産党一党独裁へ
In Prague, Klement Gottwald's Communists take a stand against all the other parties of the Czech government.

1949/0224：
Israel and Egypt sign an armistice.

イスラエルとエジプトが休戦協定に調印。

1952/0224：Cold war:
USA ＆ ten Western European countries signed strategic materials vs. communist region export banning agreement.

アメリカと西欧10か国が戦略物資の対共産圏輸出禁止協定に調印。

1955/0224：USA起業家 Steve Jobs 195311、誕生

an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and a co-founder of Apple Inc., CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar, and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.

1955/0224：F1レイサ Alain Prost 1955--、誕生

un pilote automobile français. Quadruple champion du monde des pilotes de Formule 1 en 1985, 1986, 1989 et 1993, victorieux de 51 Grands Prix de Formule 1 pour 199 départs entre 1980 et 1993, celui que l'on surnomme « Le Professeur » est considéré comme l'un des plus grands pilotes de l'histoire de son sport.

1958/0224：日本、テレビ連続ドラマ
ラジオ東京テレビ、連続テレビドラマ『月光仮面』放送開始。

1958/0224：日本、南極探検、タロとジロ
第二次南極観測隊が悪天候のため越冬を断念、タロとジロなど樺太犬15頭を置き去りにして撤収する

The Second Antarctic observation team abandoned overwinter due to bad weather and withdrew with 15 Sakara dogs including Taro and Giro left behind

1962/0224：中國の改革者 胡適199162、死去

因提倡文學革命而成為新文化運動的領袖之一，曾擔任國立北京大學校長、中央研究院院長、中華民國駐美大使等職。胡適興趣廣泛，著述豐富，在文學、哲學、史學、考據學、教育學、倫理學、紅學等諸多領域都有深入的研究。主張少談主義，主張先疑後信，主張科學佐證，盡信書不如無書。

He became one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement by promoting the literary revolution. He was the president of the National Peking University, the dean of the Central Research Institute, and the ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States.
Hu Shi has extensive interests and rich writings, and has in-depth studies in many fields such as literature, philosophy, history, textual research, pedagogy, ethics, and Hongxue. Advocate less talkativeism, advocate suspicious of post-mortem, advocate scientific evidence, do not believe in a letter book.

Hu Shih (left) and Chiang Kai-shek in April 1958

1968/0224：Vietnam War:
The Tet Offensive is halted; South Vietnam recaptures Hué.

1971/0224：インドで政争
The All India Forward Bloc holds an emergency central committee meeting after its chairman, Hemantha Kumar Bose, is killed three days earlier. P.K. Mookiah Thevar is appointed as the new chairman.

1976/0224：日本「ロッキード事件」東京地検、強制捜査を開始
The Tokyo District Prosecutor's Office began compulsory investigation of the Lockheed case.

 

1979/0224：ベルクのオペラ『ルル』初演

Die unvollendet gebliebene Oper Lulu von Alban Berg nach zwei Theaterstücken von Frank Wedekind wird in einer fertiggestellten Version von Friedrich Cerha an der Pariser Oper unter der Regie von Pierre Boulez uraufgeführt.
ALban Berg 188535 が未完で遺したオペラ『ルル』（Fヴェデキント原作）、F.Cerha の加筆で完成ヴァジョンとし、Pブレイズの指揮で、パリオペラ座でプレミア。

1981/0224：British royal family,
Prince Charles and Diana Spencer announced their engagement.

1981/0224：ギリシアで地震
The 6.7 Ms Gulf of Corinth earthquake affected Central Greece with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). 22 people were killed, 400 were injured, and damage totaled $812 million.

1983/0224：
A special commission of the United States Congress condemns the Japanese American internment during World War II.

1984/0224：USA、學校襲撃事件
Tyrone Mitchell perpetrates the 49th Street Elementary School shooting in Los Angeles, killing two children and injuring 12 more.

1987/0224：天文、初めて超新星を發見
In the Large Magellanic Cloud the Supernova 1987A is discovered. It is the first supernova since 1604 that can be observed with the naked eye.

1989/0224：日本、昭和天皇の大葬の禮
Funérailles de l'empereur Hirohito, décédé le 7 janvier.

1989/0224：イラン、ホメイニ
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa and offers a USD $3 million bounty for the death of Salman Rushdie, author of The Satanic Verses.

1989/0224：飛行機事故
United Airlines Flight 811, bound for New Zealand from Honolulu, rips open during flight, blowing nine passengers out of the business-class section.

1990/0224：Forbes社主 Malcolm Forbes 191990、死去

an American entrepreneur most prominently known as the publisher of Forbes magazine, founded by his father B. C. Forbes. He was known as an avid promoter of capitalism and free market trade, and for an extravagant lifestyle, spending on parties, travel, and his collection of homes, yachts, aircraft, art, motorcycles, and Fabergé eggs.

Forbes' Château de Balleroy

まったく趣味がわるい

＆
Donald Trump, in his 1990 memoir Trump: Surviving at the Top, alleged that his temporary removal from the Forbes 400 in the year Forbes died was due to a feud that had arisen after Trump had not allowed Forbes to bring "two young men who appeared to be well under the legal drinking age" into the bar at the Plaza Hotel. Trump stated that Forbes "lived openly as a homosexual... but expected the media and his famous friends to cover for him."

1991/0224：Gulf War:
 Ground troops cross the Saudi Arabian border and enter Iraq, thus beginning the ground phase of the war.

The United States Army begins Operation Desert Storm in the Second Gulf War with the ground warfare.

1993/0224：Ruby（プログラミング言語）
Yukihiro Matsumoto develops the programming language Ruby.

2001/0224：情報理論の父 Claude Shannon 191601、死去

an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".

Shannon is noted for having founded information theory with a landmark paper, A Mathematical Theory of Communication, that he published in 1948.
He is, perhaps, equally well known for founding digital circuit design theory in 1937, when—as a 21-year-old master's degree student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)—he wrote his thesis demonstrating that electrical applications of Boolean algebra could construct any logical, numerical relationship. Shannon contributed to the field of cryptanalysis for national defense during World War II, including his fundamental work on codebreaking and secure telecommunications.

2003/0224：フランス料理人 Bernard Loiseau 195103、自殺

un chef cuisinier et restaurateur français du restaurant gastronomique Relais Bernard Loiseau, à Saulieu, en Côte-d'Or, en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
Avec ses trois étoiles au Guide Michelin, et 19,5/20 au Gault et Millau, il est un des cuisiniers français les plus emblématiques, médiatiques, et célèbre des années 1980 et années 1990.

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Il s'est suicidé par arme à feu en 2003, lorsque les journaux ont laissé entendre que son restaurant pourrait perdre son statut de 3 étoiles.

 

2004/0224：モロッコで地震
The 6.3 Mw Al Hoceima earthquake strikes northern Morocco with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). At least 628 people are killed, 926 are injured, and up to 15,000 are displaced.

2006/0224：フィリピン大統領、
Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declares Proclamation 1017 placing the country in a state of emergency in attempt to subdue a possible military coup.

2007/0224：日本、四番目のスパイ衛星
Japan launches its fourth spy satellite, stepping up its ability to monitor potential threats such as North Korea.

2008/0224：キュウバ、カストロ、引退
Fidel Castro retires as the President of Cuba and the Council of Ministers after 32 years. He remains as head of the Communist Party for another three years.

2015/0224：列車脱線事故
A Metrolink train derails in Oxnard, California following a collision with a truck, leaving more than 30 injured.

2016/0224：飛行機事故
Tara Air Flight 193, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft, crashed, with 23 fatalities, in Solighopte, Myagdi District, Dhaulagiri Zone, while en route from Pokhara Airport to Jomsom Airport.

 

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