01/27：歴史の翼で天空に舞ひ「天使となって人間界を見詰めよ

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World

Paul Klee 187940 『新しき天使』

歴史暦：古今東西　０１／２７　今日の出來事

0098/0127：012ロウマ皇帝 Nerva 003098、崩去

Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus was Roman emperor from 96 to 98.
Nerva became emperor at the age of 65, after a lifetime of imperial service under Nero and the rulers of the Flavian dynasty.
Under Nero 003768, he was a member of the imperial entourage and played a vital part in exposing the Pisonian conspiracy of 65. Later, as a loyalist to the Flavians, he attained consulships in 71 and 90 during the reigns of Vespasian and Domitian, respectively.

Trajanus 005317 succeeded his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire would reach its maximum extent.

0447/0127：コンスタンチノプル付近で地震
An earthquake severely damages the Constantinople's protective Theodosian wall. Some sections are destroyed and 57 towers collapse.

0945/0127：ビザンチン帝國、王位繼承
The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown. Constantine VII becomes sole emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

1142/0127(紹興11/1229)：China[南宋]、
中国宋朝皇帝宋高宗和宰相秦檜以莫须有罪名，毒殺岳飛於临安大理寺。

Emperor Gaozong 高宗 of Song Dynasty of China and Qin Hui 秦檜, the prime minister, are to be guilty of innocence and poison Yue Fei 岳飛 in Lin'an Dali Temple.

1142/0127：中國宋の英雄 岳飛110342、毒殺

字「鹏举」，相州汤阴人，北宋末、南宋初抗金名将、民族英雄。官至少保、枢密副使，封武昌郡开国公。宋高宗以谋反罪名赐死岳飛，宋孝宗為之平反，追谥武穆、後追赠太师、追封鄂王，改谥忠武。
南宋に襲來する「金」に対し抗戰、戰績をあげたが、それにより岳飛らの勢力の拡大を懼れた宰相の秦檜によって謀殺された。死後、その功績により鄂王に封じられ、関羽と並んで祀られた。中國民族の不朽の英雄。

｛このうちの誰かが岳飛なのださうです。

1186/0127：結婚、
Henry VI（the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I）marries Constance of Sicily.

後の神聖ローマ帝国皇帝ハインリヒ六世がコスタンツァと結婚。

1302/0127：イタリア、ダンテのフィレンチェからの追放
Dante Alighieri è esiliato da Firenze.

Dante Alighieri 126521 is exiled from Florence.

1343/0127：ロウマ教皇庁
Pope Clement VI issues the papal bull Unigenitus to justify the power of the pope and the use of indulgences. Nearly 200 years later, Martin Luther would protest this.

1490/0127(延徳02/0107)：08室町將軍 足利義政143690、薨去

Ashikaga Yoshimasa was the 8th shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1449 to 1473 during the Muromachi period of Japan.
Yoshimasa was the son of the sixth shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori 足利義教139441.
His official wife was Hino Tomiko 日野富子144096.

幕府の財政難と社界の不安（土一揆などの頻發）を余所目に、政事を正室の日野富子144096や有力守護大名（細川勝元151973や山名宗全140473など）に任せきり、自分は東山に逃避して數奇趣味の世界に没頭した。そして、その結果が銀閣寺に象徴される東山文化となった。

1556/0127：モンゴル帝國、代替はり
Akbar devient le troisième empereur moghol.

1587/0127(天正14/1219)：Japan[桃山時代]
羽柴秀吉が太政大臣に任じられ、豊臣の姓を賜ふ。

1593/0127：イタリア、異端審問　Giordano Bruno 154800
Giordano Bruno, who defended the Copernicus grounds movement, is handed over to the Roman Inquisition. In the following seven years, he was detained in prison and the Inquisition started in 1600.

1606/0127：イギリス「Gunpowder Plot」
 The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.

1615/0127：フランス経済人 Nicolas Fouquet 161580、誕生

un homme d'État français de haut rang, surintendant des finances à l'époque de Mazarin, procureur général au parlement de Paris.
Il eut un pouvoir et une fortune considérables. Promoteur des arts au sens le plus noble du terme, Nicolas Fouquet sut s'attirer les services des plus brillants artistes de son temps. De nos jours, il est possible de mesurer la grandeur qui fut la sienne au château de Vaux-le-Vicomte.
Destitué et arrêté sur l'ordre de Louis XIV en 1661 pour malversations, condamné à la confiscation de ses biens et au bannissement hors du royaume, il vit sa peine élargie par le roi4, en vertu de ses pouvoirs de justice, à l'emprisonnement à vie.
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Après sa disgrâce, Nicolas Fouquet connut une réhabilitation posthume par le biais des nombreux romans et films, notamment Le vicomte de Bragelonne d'Alexandre Dumas.

1618/0127(元和04/0101)：Japan[江戸時代]、
江戸城の大奥を男子禁制とする。

OhoOku（Seroglio）in Edo Castle is forbidden for men.

1646/0127(正保02/1211)：日本の傑僧 澤庵宗彭157346、示寂

Takuan Sōhō (沢庵 宗彭. Né à Izushi dans la province de Tajima, il est issu d'une famille de samouraï du clan Miura 三浦氏 mais commence ses études de prêtre dès l'âge de 10 ans en étudiant le bouddhisme Jōdo 淨土宗.
Il devient plus tard une figure majeure de l'école Rinzai-shu 臨濟宗 de bouddhisme zen 禪.
En 1608, à seulement 35 ans, il devient le père supérieur du temple Daitoku-ji 大徳寺 de Kyoto au Japon. Selon la légende, il fut le maître du célèbre Miyamoto Musashi 宮本武藏158445 mais cela n'est pas établi d'un point de vue historique.
Il était en contact avec le général Ishida Mitsunari 石田三成156000, le daimyo chrétien Kuroda Nagamas a 黒田長政156823 , Yagyū Munenori 柳生宗矩157146, le chef de l'école d'escrime Yagyū Shinkage-ryū 柳生新陰流, l'empereur Go-Mizunoo 後水尾天皇159680, et le shogun, Tokugawa Iemitsu 徳川家光160451. Il porta l'esprit du bouddhisme zen dans de nombreux aspects de la culture japonaise, tel que l'art du combat et la calligraphie.
Il est l'auteur de six volumes et son influence est toujours présente dans le bouddhisme Zen et les arts martiaux.

著述『太阿記』『不動智神妙録』心の置き場

「心をどこに置こうぞ。敵の身の働きに置けば、敵の身の働きに心を取らるる也。敵の太刀に心を置けば、敵の太刀に心を取らるる也。敵を切らんと思ふ所に心を置けば、敵を切らんと思ふ所に心を取らるる也。我が太刀に心を置けば、我が太刀に心を取らるる也。我切られじと思ふ所に心を置けば、我切られじと思ふ所に心を取らるる也。人の構へに心を置けば、人の構へに心を心を取らるる也。兎角、心の置所はないと言ふ。

「求放心と申すは孟子が申したるにて候。放れたる心を尋ね求めて、我が身へ返せと申す心にて候。たとへば、犬猫鶏など放れて餘所へ行けば、尋ね求めて我が家に返す如く、心は身の主なるを惡しき道へ行く心が逃げるを、何とて求めて返さぬぞと也。尤もかくなるべき義也。しかるに又、召康節と云ふ者は、心要放と申し候。はらりと替り申し候。かく申したる心持は、心を執へつめて置いては疲れ、猫のやうにて身が働かねば物に心が止まらず、染ぬやうによく使ひなして、捨置いて何所へなりとも追放せと云ふ義也。物に心が染み止まるによつて、染すな止まらすな、我が身へ求め返せと云ふは、初心稽古の位也。蓮の泥に染ぬが如くなれ。泥にありても苦しからず。よく磨きたる水晶の玉は、泥の内に入つても染ぬやうに心になして行きたき所にやれ。心を引きつめては不自由なるぞ。心を引き締めて置くも初心の時の事よ。一期其分では、上段は終に取られずして、下段にて果てる也。稽古の時は、孟子が云ふ求放心と申す心持よく候。至極の時は召康節が心要放と申すにて候。中峯和尚の語に、具放心とあり。此意は即、召康節が心をば放さん事を要せよと云ひたると一つにて、放心を求めよ、引き止めて一所に置くなと申す義にて候。又、具不退轉と云ふ。これも中峯和尚の言葉也。退轉せずに替はらぬ心を持てと云ふ義也。人ただ一度二度はよく行くども、又、つかれて常に無い裡に退轉せぬやうなる心を持てと申す事にて候。

1648/0127：フランス
Fondation de l'Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture.

1687/0127：ドイツの建築家 Johann Balthasar Neumann 168753、誕生

Johann Balthasar Neumann, gemeinhin bekannt als Balthasar Neumann , war einer der bedeutendsten Baumeister des Barock und des Rokoko in Süddeutschland.

 

St. Paulin in Trier

Basilika Vierzehnheiligen

1695/0127：オスマン帝國、王位繼承
Mustafa II becomes the Ottoman sultan and Caliph of Islam in Istanbul on the death of Ahmed II. Mustafa rules until his abdication in 1703.

1731/0127：ピアノ発明家 Bartolomeo Cristofori 165531、死去

un cembalaro, organaro e liutaio italiano. Fu uno dei più famosi costruttori di clavicembali del suo tempo. È considerato l'inventore del "fortepiano", principale precursore del pianoforte.

1756/0127：Wolgang Amadeus Mozart 175691、誕生

ein Salzburger Musiker und Komponist der Wiener Klassik.
Sein umfangreiches Werk genießt weltweite Popularität und gehört zum Bedeutendsten im Repertoire klassischer Musik. Er selbst nannte sich meist Wolfgang Amadé Mozart.

1763/0127：リオデジャネイロ、ブラジルの首都に
o Rio de Janeiro substitui Salvador da Bahia como a capital do vice-reino português do Brasil.

Rio de Janeiro replaces Salvador da Bahia as the capital of the Portuguese Viceroyalty of Brazil.

1775/0127：ドイツ思想家 Friedrich Schelling 177554、誕生

ein deutscher Philosoph, Anthropologe, Theoretiker der sogenannten Romantischen Medizin und einer der Hauptvertreter des Deutschen Idealismus. Schelling war der Hauptbegründer der spekulativen Naturphilosophie, die von etwa 1800 bis 1830 in Deutschland fast alle Gebiete der damaligen Naturwissenschaften prägte. Seine Philosophie des Unbewussten hatte Einfluss auf die Ausbildung der Psychoanalyse.

In 1790, he was admitted to the Tubingen Theological Seminary (an institution of the University of Tübingen) by a special exemption at the age of 15 (regulations entered from the age of 20). Two years ago, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 177031 and Friedrich Hölderlin 177043, five years older than him, entered the same seminary two years ago, and he was in the dormitory with two people in the dormitory. They were enthusiastic about the French Revolution, showed interest in the philosophy of a new era represented by Immanuel Kant, craving for progress and freedom.
Schelling did not become a pastor, and chose the philosophy or the way of literature. The philosopher who he particularly took up at this time was Johann Gottlieb Fichte 176214 and Baruch Spinoza 163277.
｛その Fichte が1814年の今日、死去してゐる。

1776/0127：American Revolutionary War:
 Henry Knox's "noble train of artillery" arrives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

1785/0127：USA、初の公立の大學、開學
The University of Georgia is founded, the first public university in the United States.

1807/0127：ドイツの宗教哲學者 David Strauss 180874、誕生

ein deutscher Schriftsteller, Philosoph und Theologe.
a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer, who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the "historical Jesus", whose divine nature he denied. His work was connected to the Tübingen School, which revolutionized study of the New Testament, early Christianity, and ancient religions. Strauss was a pioneer in the historical investigation of Jesus.

1814/0127：ドイツの思想家 Johann Gottlieb Fichte 176214、死去

ein deutscher Erzieher und Philosoph. Er gilt neben Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling und Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel als wichtigster Vertreter des Deutschen Idealismus.

Hatte sich Fichte zuvor als Anhänger der Französischen Revolution bezeichnet, so profilierte er sich nun insbesondere durch die flammend patriotischen Reden an die deutsche Nation (als Text veröffentlicht bis 1808) als Gegner Napoleons.

「人がどんな哲学を選ぶかはその人間がどんな人間かによる」
｛至極あたりまへな意見ですな。哲學にかぎらず戀人の好みにいたるまで、すべての選擇はその人の個性を示すにきまってゐるだらう。

1823/0127：フランス作曲家 Édouard Lalo 182392、誕生

un violoniste et compositeur français.
Les sources sont en désaccord sur leur ascendance espagnole puisqu'il y a une preuve du nom de famille de la mère: Wacquez, mais on ne sait certainement pas si cela correspond au espagnol Vázquez ou pas.

1825/0127：USA、先住民族の始末
The U.S. Congress approves Indian Territory (in what is present-day Oklahoma), clearing the way for forced relocation of the Eastern Indians on the "Trail of Tears".

1826/0127：ロシアの作家 Mikhaïl Saltykov-Chtchedrine 182689、誕生

「シチェドリン」Russian writer, journalist, editor of the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski, Ryazan and Tver, vice-governor.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky 182181 のライヴァル的存在であった。

1827/0127(文政10/0101)：日本の武人 河井繼之助182768、誕生

Kawai Tsugunosuke was a Japanese samurai of the late Edo period, who served the Makino clan of Nagaoka 長岡.
Kawai was a senior military commander of Nagaoka forces during the Boshin War 戊辰戰爭 of 1868-1869. He escaped to nearby Aizu 會津 after his domain's fall; however, he contracted gangrene from an untreated leg wound, and died in Aizu.

1827/0127(文政10/0101)：海難漁師 ジョン萬次郎182798、誕生

Nakahama Manjirō, also known as John Manjirō (or John Mung), was one of the first Japanese people to visit the United States and an important translator during the Opening of Japan.

1832/0127：イギリス童話作者 Lewis Carroll 183298、誕生

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, better known by his pen name Lewis Carroll, was an English writer, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon, and photographer.
His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, which includes the poem "Jabberwocky", and the poem The Hunting of the Snark – all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic and fantasy.

1836/0127：マゾヒズムの Leopold von Sacher-Masoch 183695、誕生

ein österreichischer Schriftsteller. Er schrieb auch unter den Pseudonymen Charlotte Arand und Zoë von Rodenbach.

『毛皮を着たヴィーナス』などの彼の作品で描かれる精神的かつ肉体的な苦痛にたいする快楽の感覺を、精神科医クラフト＝エビングは『性の心理』1886で「マゾヒズム」と名づけた。
二十世紀後半のフランスの思想家 Gilles Deleuze 192595 は『サドとマゾッホ』で、精神分析で二項対立的に語られた「サディズム」と「マゾヒズム」が、実は対立しない関係であることを主張した。｛それじゃなんにもなるめえ。

1838/0127：USA, "Trail of tears"
Mandatory emigration to Cherokee Indians.

アメリカ合衆国による民族浄化、チェロキー族インディアンへの強制移住措置。

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocation, sometimes at gunpoint, of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to other areas, one of which was an area West of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory. The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. Many of the relocated native people suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their new designated reserve, and many died before reaching their various designated reserve(s). The removal included members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Ponca nations. The phrase "Trail of Tears" originates from a description of the many Native American tribes removal; including the infamous Cherokee Nation in 1838

 

1841/0127：ロシアの画家 Arkhip Kouïndji 191041、誕生

Архип Иванович Куинджи est un peintre paysagiste ukrainien d'origine grecque-pontine.

1841/0127：China[清] 第一次鴉片戰爭：清廷向英國宣戰。
The First Opium War: The Qing court declared war on Britain.

1848/0127(弘化04/1222)：日本の軍人 東郷平八郎184834、誕生

Tōgō Heihachirō was a gensui or admiral of the fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy and one of Japan's greatest naval heroes.
As Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet during the Russo-Japanese War he successfully confined the Russian Pacific
Fleet to Port Arthur before winning a decisive victory over a relieving fleet at Tsushima. Tōgō was termed by Western journalists as "the Nelson of the East".

1853/0127：ドイツの地理學者 Johannes Justus Rein 185318、誕生

a German geographer, author and traveler in East Asia. On the title page of each of his books, his name is given as either J.J. Rein or Johann J. Rein.

1874明治07、プロイセン王国政府の命により、日本の工芸調査を名目に来日。工芸研究の合間に北海道を除く日本各地を旅行して地理や産物を調査する。
ラインを日本に送りこんだプロイセン政府の意図は「当時のヨウロパで人気のあった漆器をプロイセンで製造する」「堅牢な塗料としての漆を兵器のサビ止めとして利用する」ために、原料となるウルシノキを持ちかへれといふものであった。結果としてこの命令は実行されなかったが。
この年の七月、彼は白山の自然と白山信仰について調査するため白山に昇った。その歸途、に石川県白峰村で、手取川右岸の当時「大崩れ」と呼ばれてゐた所で、十数個の植物の化石を見付け、友人の Geyler に調査を依頼した。ガイラは、この化石がジュラ紀中期頃の物と斷定、1877年に論文発表した。

1856/0127：イギリスの進化論者 Edward Poulton 185643、誕生

Sir Edward Bagnall Poulton was a British evolutionary biologist who was a lifelong advocate of natural selection through a period in which many scientists such as Reginald Punnett doubted its importance.
He invented the term sympatric for evolution of species in the same place, and in his book The Colours of Animals (1890) was the first to recognise frequency-dependent selection.
Poulton is also remembered for his pioneering work on animal coloration. He is credited with inventing the term aposematism for warning coloration, as well as for his experiments on 'protective coloration' (camouflage).

1859/0127：ドイツ皇帝 Wilhelm II 185941、誕生

Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Preußen war von 1888 bis 1918 letzter Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen

1860/0127：ハンガリの数学者 János Bolyai 180260、死去

a Hungarian mathematician, one of the founders of non-Euclidean geometry — a geometry that differs from Euclidean geometry in its definition of parallel lines. The discovery of a consistent alternative geometry that might correspond to the structure of the universe helped to free mathematicians to study abstract concepts irrespective of any possible connection with the physical world.

平行線公準を研究し、1835年『ユウクリド第11公準を証明または反駁することの不可能の証明』で「非ユウクリド幾何学」の可能性を開拓、「双曲幾何学」を提唱した。
現在、ロバチェフスキイとともに、非ユークリッド幾何学の開祖とみなされてゐる。

1865/0127：スペインとペル「平和条約」
España y Perú concluyen la paz en la Guerra Hispano-Sudamericana, que, sin embargo, es rechazada por el pueblo peruano y el Congreso.

pain and Peru conclude peace in the Spanish-South American War, which is rejected by the Peruvian population and Congress.

1868/0127(慶應04/0103)：Japan、戊辰戰爭「鳥羽伏見の戰」
Boshin War: The Battle of Toba–Fushimi between forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and pro-Imperial factions begins, which will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the Meiji Restoration.

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1869/0127(明治01/1215)：Japan、戊辰戰爭
榎本武揚ら、旧幕府軍が箱館で蝦夷の領有を宣言。いわゆる蝦夷共和国が発足
Boshin War: Tokugawa rebels establish the Ezo Republic in Hokkaidō.

榎本武揚183608ら舊幕府軍、函館で蝦夷の領有を宣言、いはゆる蝦夷共和國、發足。
｛私はこの榎本武揚183608に率ゐられる幕府軍（そこには新撰組の土方歳三183569もゐた）の函館五稜郭での顛末を、安部公房192493の『榎本武揚』で讀んだ。それは歴史と文學、とかく對立的に考へられてゐるこの二つを物の見事に重ねあはせてみせた、日本では殊に希有な成功作と思った。安部公房は文學的仕掛を縱横に用ゐながら史實を解釋して、あらたな眞相を描きだす。眞相と呼ぶに躊躇しない説得力を持って。御一讀あれ。

 

1880/0127：USA、エヂソン「電球」發明
Thomas Alva Edison receives US Patent Number 223898 for his invention of a better bulb.

1885/0127：Jerome Kern 188545、誕生

an American composer of musical theatre and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "Ol' Man River", "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man", "A Fine Romance", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes", "All the Things You Are", "The Way You Look Tonight", "Long Ago (and Far Away)" and "Who?".

｛私は Beatles の Yesterday よりもやゝ、この人の Yesterdays のはうが好きです。

1886/0127：ドイツの辯護士 Radhabinod Pal 188667、誕生

an Indian Bengali jurist, who was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1966.
He was one of the Asian judges appointed to the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, the "Tokyo Trials" of Japanese war crimes committed during the Second World War.
Among all the judges of the tribunal, he was the only one who submitted a judgment which insisted all defendants were not guilty. The Yasukuni Shrine and the Kyoto Ryozen Gokoku Shrine have monuments specially dedicated to Judge Pal.

1888/0127：USA
Established the National Geographic Society in Washington, D.C.

1889/0127：フランス、ブランジェ将軍事件
élection du général Boulanger comme député de Paris.

セエヌ県の下院補欠選挙で Georges Boulanger 183791 が共和各派の統一候補に大差をつけて当選。これが、

犬猿の仲でである獨佛の感情が、普佛戰爭に負けたフランスでドイツへの憎惡は沸騰してゐた。國力は低下し、ドイツ･ビスマルクはフランスをさらに孤立させる外交を展開、こゝにフランスのナショナリズムは沸騰して政府に迫った。だが、多党連立の政権はなすすべもなく、右も左もそれぞれ深く分裂してゐた。そんななか、シャルルドフレシネ内閣の陸軍大臣として登用されたのが Georges Boulanger 183791 であった。彼は野心を抱いてゐた。後は、 Boulangisme でも

1890/0127：Japan、
福澤諭吉の慶應義塾が大學部を設置。

1891/0127：ロシアの作家 Ilya Ehrenbourg 189167、誕生

Илья Григорьевич Эренбург
русский писатель, поэт, публицист, журналист, переводчик с французского и испанского языков, общественный деятель, фотограф
Auteur prolifique il joua aussi un rôle important pour la propagande soviétique notamment durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il contribua avec Vassili Grossman à l'élaboration du Livre noir.

1891/0127：モノクロ写真フィルムの特許
The developer liquid Rodinal for black and white films is patented. Momme Andresen invented the product that has since been sold by Agfa.

1893/0127：中國の孫文夫人 宋慶齡199381、誕生

20世紀中國政治家、社會活動家和國際活動家，是已故中國革命家、中國國民黨總理及中華民國國父孫中山先生在中國的第二任正式妻子，孫在前已有元配盧慕貞以及日配大月薰。
In the 20th century, Chinese politicians, social activists and international activists were the second formal wife of the late Chinese revolutionist, the prime minister of the Chinese Kuomintang, and the founding father of the Republic of China, Dr. Sun Yat-sen. Month smoked.
孫文の妻。中華人民共和国副主席を務め、死の直前に「中華人民共和国名誉主席」の称号を授けられた。姉の宋靄齢、妹で蒋介石夫人の宋美齢と共に総称される「宋氏（家）三姉妹」の一人

1893/0127：日本の經濟學者 矢内原忠雄189361、誕生

Yanaihara Tadao was a Japanese economist, educator and Christian pacifist.
The first director of Shakai Kagaku Kenkyūjo (Institute of Social Science or Shaken) at the University of Tokyo, he studied at Toynbee Hall and School of Economics and Political Science (London School of Economics).

1900/0127：China[清]
各國要求清朝政府鎮壓義和團。

All countries require the Qing government to suppress the Boxers.

1901/0127：イタリアのオペラ作曲家 Giuseppe Verdi 181301、死去

Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi è stato un compositore italiano tra i massimi autori di melodrammi.
Verdi compose sia musica operistica, che musica non destinata al teatro; tuttavia la mole e la qualità della sua produzione lirica hanno fatto di lui il più grande drammaturgo musicale italiano, subentrando ai grandi protagonisti del primo Ottocento: Gioachino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti e Vincenzo Bellini. Come il suo contemporaneo Richard Wagner, il più importante esponente e riformatore dell'opera romantica tedesca, interpretò in modo attento e originale, seppure differente, gli elementi romantici presenti nei suoi melodrammi.

1904/0127：ドイツ
Das Deutsche Kaiserreich weiht als Kolonialmacht in Lome die Landungsbrücke ein, mit der die tückische Brandung in Ufernähe überbrückt werden kann. Bis 1914 erfolgt hierüber der Großteil des Schiffsverkehrs von und nach Togoland.

The German Empire inaugurates as a colonial power in Lome the jetty, with which the treacherous surf near the shore can be bridged. Until 1914, most of the shipping traffic to and from Togoland takes place here.

1908/0127：天文
British astronomer Philibert Jacques Melotte discovers another moon of Jupiter, later called Pasiphae.

1918/0127：USAブルウス演者 Elmore James 191863、誕生

an American blues guitarist, singer, songwriter and bandleader.
He was known as "King of the Slide Guitar" and was noted for his use of loud amplification and his stirring voice.
エレキギタアによるボトルネック奏法を主とした野性的な音が特徴で、後のロックギタリストに大きな影響を及ぼした。

1918/0127：フィンランド内戦、始まる
The Finnish Civil War begins in Finland, which has only recently become independent, and will last until 5 May. The Red Guards bring Helsinki under their control during the night, while the White Guard Corps encounter little resistance in the north.

1922/0127：イタリアの小説家 Giovanni Verga 184022、死去

Giovanni Carmelo Verga è stato uno scrittore, drammaturgo e fotografo italiano, considerato il maggior esponente della corrente letteraria del verismo

「ヴェリズモ」と呼ばれる十九世紀イタリアのリアリズム文芸運動の代表的作家の一人。シチリア島を舞台に、市井の人々の生活を描いた一連の小説、なかでも後にピエトロマスカニがオペラにした短編『Cavalleria Rusticana』が有名。

1922/0127：USA女性記者 Nellie Bly 186422、死去

「ネリ ブライ」Elizabeth Cochran Seaman, better known by her pen name Nellie Bly, was an American journalist who was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days, in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and an exposé in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within.
She was a pioneer in her field, and launched a new kind of investigative journalism. Bly was also a writer, industrialist, inventor, and a charity worker.

1888年に、Jules Verne 182805 の『八十日間世界一周』を、実際に世界一周させるといふ企画に、彼女がその役に選ばれた。1889年11月14日に彼女はニュウヨウクを出発し、24,899マイルの旅に出た。

1924/0127：
Italian-Yugoslav pact, Italian annexation of Fiume.

With the Treaty of Rome between Italy and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Free State of Fiume is dissolved. The city of Fiume becomes Italian, while the neighboring town Sušak goes to Yugoslavia. The exile government Fiumes does not recognize the contract.

1926/0127：スヱデンの女優 Ingrid Thulin 192604、誕生

a Swedish film actress.
Elle était, avec Greta Garbo et Ingrid Bergman, la plus connue des actrices suédoises.
Elle incarna l’archétype de la beauté nordique, froide et mystérieuse. Une des égéries du cinéaste Ingmar Bergman, elle a également travaillé sous la direction de Luchino Visconti, Vincente Minnelli et d'Alain Resnais.

｛以前に紹介したが、この日付が正しいやうだ。

1926/0127：テレビジョンの發明競爭
In front of members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, John Logie Baird performs functioning mechanical television.

1930/0127：USAブルウス演者 Bobby Blue Bland 193013、誕生

Robert Calvin Bland, known professionally as Bobby "Blue" Bland, was an American blues singer.
Bland developed a sound that mixed gospel with the blues and R&B.[1] He was described as "among the great storytellers of blues and soul music..

1938/0127：Japan、平賀肅學事件、
平賀譲東大総長が経済学部教授の河合栄治郎と土方成美の休職処分を荒木貞夫文部大臣に上申

平賀譲東大總長が經濟學部教授の河合榮治郎189144と土方成美189075の休職處分を文部大臣荒木貞夫187766に上申=平賀肅学。學部の自治と思想の自由への介入に抗議して、河合派･土方派それぞれに屬する教授連も辭表を提出、結局十三名にもなった。{教授たちもはげしく党派抗爭に明け暮れてゐたわけだ。

 

1938/0127：USA、ナイアガラ川の流氷
Ice plates floating in the Niagara River press on the fighters of the Canada and the United States connecting Upper Steel Arch Bridge; this breaks down then.

1939/0127：ドイツナチス
Adolf Hitler setzt per Gesetz den Z-Plan in Kraft, einen von der deutschen Kriegsmarine unter ihrem Oberbefehlshaber Erich Raeder entwickelten Flottenrüstungsplan, der über das deutsch-britische Flottenabkommen hinausgeht.

Adolf Hitler enacts by law the Z-Plan, a naval development plan developed by the German Navy under its Commander-in-Chief Erich Raeder, which goes beyond the German-British naval agreement.

1939/0127：WWⅡ、
First flight of the Lockheed P-38 Lightning.

1942/0127：WWⅡ
エンドウ沖海戦、日本が勝利。
マレー半島南部エンドウ沖で生起した海戦。日本軍輸送船団撃破を狙う連合国軍駆逐艦二隻を、日本海軍の第三水雷戦隊が撃退。

1943/0127：WWⅡ
With an air raid on Wilhelmshaven, flown by 55 bombers, the bombardments of the American air force begin on the day. From now until the end of the war Germany will be attacked almost daily by airplanes.

1943/0127：WWⅡ
The Eighth Air Force sorties ninety-one B-17s and B-24s to attack the U-boat construction yards at Wilhelmshaven, Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany.

1944/0127：WWⅡ
Mit der Vertreibung der letzten deutschen Soldaten aus dem Südteil von Leningrad endet die 900 Tage andauernde Belagerung der Stadt im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Die Einschließung durch die deutsche Wehrmacht während des Russlandfeldzugs hat rund eine Million Menschenleben gefordert.

The expulsion of the last German soldiers from the southern part of Leningrad ends the 900-day siege of the city during the Second World War. The encirclement by the German Wehrmacht during the Russian campaign has claimed about one million lives.

1945/0127：日本の作詞家 野口雨情188245、死去

Noguchi Ujō est un poète et parolier japonais de chansons pour enfants et de musique traditionnelle folklorique min'yō.
Il est l'auteur de quelques-unes des pièces les plus aimées et familières pour enfants et chorales de jeunes telle que Akai Kutsu 赤い靴 (Chaussures rouges ).
Avec Kitahara Hakushū 北原白秋188542 et Saijō Yaso 西条八十189270, il est considéré comme l'un des trois grands poètes et compositeurs de chansons pour enfants du Japon

代表作は『十五夜お月さん』『七つの子』『赤い靴』『青い眼の人形』『シャボン玉』『こがね虫』『あの町この町』『雨降りお月さん』『証城寺の狸囃子』『よいよい横町』など數知れず。他には日本情緒を描いた『波浮の港』『船頭小唄』など

1945/0127：WWⅡ、アウシュビッツの解放
The Red Army liberates the remaining inmates of Auschwitz-Birkenau.

the Red Army liberates the remaining 7,500 prisoners of the largely evacuated Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. The date of this event is commemorated in 1996 as a day of remembrance of the victims of National Socialism for the National Day of Remembrance in the Federal Republic of Germany and 2005 proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on the International Day of Remembrance to the victims of the Holocaust.

1949/0127：China[中華民國]
船舶衝突「太平輪沈没事故」發生

1951/0127：USA、原子爆彈
Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site begins with Operation Ranger.

At the Nevada National Security Site, the first of a total of 119 above-ground atomic bomb tests will be conducted.

1953/0127：USA、
US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles gave a speech on "reworking policy" that insists against military confrontation with the communist zone

1961/0127：ソ連、
The Soviet submarine S-80 sinks when its snorkel malfunctions, flooding the boat.

1964/0127：PRChina、フランスと國交
rétablissement des relations diplomatiques franco-chinoises.

中华人民共和国和法国建交。

1965/0127：ベトナムでクウデタ
Military coup in South Vietnam. General Nguyen Khan has a real power.

1965/0127：日本の柔道家 三船久蔵188365、死去

Mifune Kyūzō est un judoka japonais, classé comme l'un des plus grands pratiquants de l'art du judo 柔道 après son fondateur, Kano Jigoro 嘉納冶五郎186038. Il est considéré par beaucoup comme le plus grand technicien de judo, après Kano. Il était 10e dan.

 

　Mifune (à gauche) avec J. Kano.

身長159cm、体重55kg。小柄ながら「空気投げ」などを編み出し、最高位の十段を授けられ「名人」と呼ばれた。
｛「三船久蔵」といふ彼の姓名は、子供の私にとってもっとも英雄的な名前であった。無論、私は彼の柔道やその容姿すら識らなかったが、その想像は、黒澤明の映画の主役で演じる「三船」敏郎と『七人の侍』の劍術使ひの「久蔵」との組合せでできあがってゐた。私が柔道に興味を持ったのは、この「三船久蔵」だけであった。

1965/0127：イランで首相暗殺
Ａssassinat du Premier ministre iranien Hassan Ali Mansour.

Il fut Premier ministre d'Iran sous le règne de Mohammad Reza Chah durant la Révolution Blanche, et fut assassiné par un membre des Fedayin de l'Islam.

1967/0127：USA
Astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee are killed in a fire during a test of their Apollo 1 spacecraft at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

1967/0127：
United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union sign the Outer Space Treaty in Washington, D.C., banning deployment of nuclear weapons in space, and limiting use of the Moon and other celestial bodies to peaceful purposes.

The United States, Britain and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty on the Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, or space contracts, to regulate their activities in outer space.

1971/0127：Japan、天皇家の葉山御用邸放火事件。

犯人が自首。二十歳の、精神病歴の持主だった。

再建後

1972/0127：USAゴスペル歌手 Mahalia Jackson 191172、死去

an American gospel singer. Possessing a powerful contralto voice,[2] she was referred to as "The Queen of Gospel".
She became one of the most influential gospel singers in the world and was heralded internationally as a singer and civil rights activist.

1973/0127：ベトナム戦争、公式に終結
The Paris Peace Accords officially end the Vietnam War. Colonel William Nolde is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.

1978/0127：PRChina、古代發掘
中國考古工作者在河南登封地區發掘出夏朝都城遺址。

Chinese archaeologists unearthed the sites of Xia Dynasty capital in Dengfeng area of Henan province.

1980/0127：USA & Canada
Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape hostilities in Iran in the culmination of the Canadian Caper.

1983/0127：Japan、青函トンネルの先進導抗が貫通
The pilot shaft of the Seikan Tunnel, the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85 km) between the Japanese islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō, breaks through.

1985/0127：日本のヤクザ組長 竹中正久193385、暗殺（射殺）

the short-lived 4th kumicho of the Yamaguchi-gumi, Japan's largest yakuza gang.
He took the role of kumicho (supreme Godfather) in 1984, but was assassinated at a girlfriend's home in Osaka early the next year by a rival faction, the Ichiwa-kai. The killing sparked a massive yakuza war, the Yama-Ichi War, in which more than 20 people died.

1989/0127：Japan、殺人事件
佐賀県北方町で、道路脇の崖下から女性3人の遺体が発見される。

だが、これは1975~1989に佐賀県で七人の女性が殺されたなかの三人であった。四件目までは犯人を起訴できず公訴時効が成立、殘り三件は起訴されたが無罪が確定、七件とも未解決事件となる

1991/0127：
le président somalien Siad Barre fuit la capitale, Mogadiscio, conduisant ainsi à l'effondrement du régime de la République démocratique somalie.

1996/0127：ニジェルでクウデタ
In a military coup Colonel Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara deposes the first democratically elected president of Niger, Mahamane Ousmane.

2000/0127：オウストリアのピアニスト Friedrich Gulda 193000、死去

ein österreichischer Pianist und Komponist.

2001/0127：インドで地震
In the Indian state of Gujarat, an earthquake measuring 7.7 calls for some 20,000 lives.

2001/0127：Japan、東京に降雪
東京23区で大雪警報。東京都心で8センチの積雪を観測。

2002/0127：ナイジェリアで
An explosion at a military storage facility in Lagos, Nigeria kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.

2003/0127：
The first selections for the National Recording Registry are announced by the Library of Congress.

2003/0127：飛行機事故
All Nippon Airways' Boeing 767-300 aircraft causes an overrun accident at the Narita International Airport due to mishandling.

2008/0127：インドネシア大統領 Suharto 192106、死去

, 2e président de la République d’Indonésie de 1967 à 1998
General of the Army Hajji Suharto was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.

2008/0127：Japan、
2008年大阪府知事選挙で、弁護士の橋下徹が当選。橋下ブウムが起こる。

2009/0127：USA作家 John Updike 193209、死去

John Hoyer Updike was an American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic.
One of only three writers to win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction more than once (the others were Booth Tarkington and William Faulkner), Updike published more than twenty novels, more than a dozen short-story collections, as well as poetry, art and literary criticism and children's books during his career.

2010/0127：USA作家 J. D. Salinger 191910、死去

an American writer known for his widely-read novel The Catcher in the Rye. Following his early success publishing short stories and The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger led a very private life for more than a half-century. He published his final original work in 1965 and gave his last interview in 1980.

≫ The mark of the immature man is that he wants to die nobly for a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to live humbly for one.　未熟な男の特徴は、理想のために高貴な死を望む。一方、成熟した男は理想のために質素たらんと望む。

≫ I’m sick of not having the courage to be an absolute nobody. 完全な無名氏になる勇氣を持てない自分にウンザリしてるんだ。

≫ Happily, some of them kept records of their troubles. You’ll learn from them—if you want to. Just as someday, if you have something to offer, someone will learn something from you. It’s a beautiful reciprocal arrangement. And it isn’t education. It’s history. It’s poetry. 幸福なことに、彼等のうちの何人かが彼等の苦惱を記録しておいた。それから君は學ぶことができるだらう、キミが望むなら。同じやうに何時の日か、キミが何事か書き遺せば、それで誰かが學ぶことになる。それは美しい相互援助といふものだ。これは教育じゃない。歴史だ。詩だ。

≫ Don’t ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody. 誰にも何も話さないはうがいいぜ。話したら、誰も彼も失踪を

2010/0127：ホンデュラス
The 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis ends when Porfirio Lobo Sosa becomes the new President of Honduras.

2011/0127：アラブの春
Arab Spring: The Yemeni Revolution begins as over 16,000 protestors demonstrate in Sana'a.

2013/0127：ブラジルで
242 peoples die in a nightclub fire in the Brazilian city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul.

2014/0127：USAフォウク歌手　Pete Seeger 191914、死去

an American folk singer and social activist.
A fixture on nationwide radio in the 1940s, he also had a string of hit records during the early 1950s as a member of the Weavers, most notably their recording of Lead Belly's "Goodnight, Irene", which topped the charts for 13 weeks in 1950. Members of the Weavers were blacklisted during the McCarthy Era. In the 1960s, Seeger re-emerged on the public scene as a prominent singer of protest music in support of international disarmament, civil rights, counterculture, and environmental causes.

2015/0127：USA科學者 Charles Hard Townes 191515、死去

an American physicist and inventor of the maser and laser.
Townes worked on the theory and application of the maser, for which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics associated with both maser and laser devices

Townes was religious and believed that science and religion are converging to provide a greater understanding of the nature and purpose of the universe

 

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