歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

01/25:今日の歴史暦は題して「女たちの悲劇」O Grande Amor、

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World

 

歴史暦:古今東西 01/25 今日の出來事


01/25:今日の歴史暦は、女たちの悲劇「男たちに狂はされた O Grande Amor
https://is.gd/6TAUsA Getz/Gilberto

0750/0125:アッバス朝、ウマイヤ朝を破る
In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to overthrow of the dynasty.

The Abbasids under Abu l-Abbas as-Saffah decisively beat the Umayyads under Marwan II in the battle raging since January 16 on the Zab, a river in present-day Iraq, thus bringing about a change in the dynasty of caliphs.

1019/0125(寛仁02/1217):廢太子 敦康親王099919薨去

066一条天皇09811の第一皇子として誕生(生母は皇后の藤原定子097701)、だが、外祖父(生母の父兄)を早く亡くし、生母も早世し、悲運な運命を辿らされることになる。
Il est né comme le 1er prince de 066 Tennou Ichijou 一条天皇09811 (la mère était Fujiwara Teishi 定子097701), mais il a perdu son grand-père tôt, la mère vivante a également prématurément perdu son destin fatidique.


1077/0125:カノッサの屈辱
Der römisch-deutsche König Heinrich IV trifft während des Investiturstreits auf seinem Gang nach Canossa auf der Burg Canossa der Mathilde von Tuszien ein, um von Papst Gregor VII die Aufhebung des Kirchenbanns zu erbitten.

The Roman-German King Henry IV arrives during the investiture dispute on his way to Canossa on the castle Canossa the Mathilde of Tuscany, in order to ask Pope Gregory VII to cancel the excommunication.


カノッサの屈辱」神聖ロウマ帝國の皇帝、Heinrich IV 105006が、教皇グレゴリウス VIIの教会破門の宣告に許しを乞ふためカノッサ城の門前で、裸足のまゝ三日三晩喰ふことも睡ることせず謝罪した事件。

1153/0125:エルサレム王國
An army of the kingdom of Jerusalem led by King Baldwin III, reinforced by knights of the Knights of St. John and Templar, begins the siege of Ashkelon.


1204/0125:In Byzantium,
 a senatorial and priestly assembly meets, who three days later elects Nikolaos Kanabos against his wishes to become a short-time emperor of the Byzantine Empire.


1214/0125(建保01/1213):皇后 平徳子[建禮門院]115514、薨去

高倉天皇中宮(皇后)。安徳天皇の生母。父は平清盛、母は平時子。異母兄に重盛、基盛。同母兄弟に宗盛、知盛、重衡。
Taira no Tokuko, later known as Kenreimon-in (建礼門院), was the daughter of the Chancellor Taira no Kiyomori 平清盛111881, and empress-consort of Emperor Takakura 080高倉116181天皇.
She was also the last Heike Imperial survivor from the great naval battle of Dan-no-ura 壇ノ浦合戰.
Her life became a compelling narrative which survives as both history and literature 『平家物語』.

その死
平家にあらずば人にあらずとまで云はれた平氏一門のにわかの沒落がはじまり、平氏一族の西海、壇ノ浦での滅亡。わが子の安徳天皇もろとも一族海に沈むなか、不幸にも、入水した建禮門院滋子は掬ひあげられ、都に運ばれた。彼女の身が罪に問はれることはなかったが、出家して隠棲した。
その二ヶ月後、都を大きな地震が襲った。彼女の住まひも壞されたらしく、秋に入る頃、「山里はものの淋しきことにこそあれ、世の憂きよりは住みよかりけり」の古歌に誘はれて、さらに山深く比叡山の麓、大原寂光院に入った。この寂光院の徳子を後白河院が訪ねて、ふたりで物語するところで『平家物語』は大團圓となってゐる。

奥深い山里に隱居して、わが子と一族との後生を弔った。そこに或日、後白河院が訪ねてくる。『平家物語』の最後の場面だ。
引用しようと思ったが、引用するには長すぎるし、これもまたその機會があるだらう。
最後の最後、『平家物語』は彼女の往生の樣を傳へるが、史實は大原御幸の後の彼女のことは不明であるらしい。
私にとっては、物語のなかの死で充分だ。

今や夢昔や夢とまよはれて いかに思へどうつつぞとなき 
仰ぎ見し昔の雲の上の月 かかる深山の影ぞ悲しき
 建禮門院右京大夫


 とにかくに心をさらず思ふことも、さてもと思へばさらにこそ思へ 建禮門院右京大夫

いかにせむわが後の世はさてもなほ昔の今日を問ふ人もがな
 今や夢昔や夢とまよはれていかに思へどうつつとぞなき(家集240)

1308/0125:イギリス王とフランス王女の結婚
Eight Kings and Queens are present when the English King Eduard II and Isabelle de France marry in the Cathedral of Boulogne-sur-Mer.



1327/0125:イングランド
Edward III throne to King England.

 

1348/0125:イタリアで大地震
A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.


1477/0125:フランス王妃 Anne de Bretagne 147714、誕生

reine de France de 1491 à 1498 et de 1499 à 1514, veuve de Charles VIII et épouse de Louis XII
duchesse de Bretagne et comtesse de Montfort (1488-1514) et d'Étampes (1512-1514) et, par ses mariages, reine de Germanie (1490-1491), puis de France (1491-1498), puis de nouveau reine de France (1499-1514) et reine de Naples (1501-1503) et duchesse de Milan (1499-1500 et 1500-1512).


1494/0125:Alfonso II becomes King of Naples.
Dopo la morte del padre Re Ferdinando I, Alfonso II della casa d'Aragona sale sul trono di Napoli.


1515/0125:Sacre du roi François Ier.
In the cathedral of Reims, the French king Franz I is anointed and crowned.



1533/0125:ヘンリ八世、二度目の結婚
The English King Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn as the second wife, although the pope has not agreed to a dissolution of the marriage with Catherine of Aragon.

 

1554/0125:ブラジル、サンパウロ開市
Founding of São Paulo city, Brazil.

On the Feast of Pauli Conversion, the Jesuit Father José de Anchieta founds the place São Paulo to build a Jesuit monastery in Brazil.

1573/0125(元龜03/1222):Japan[戰國時代]「三方ヶ原の戦」
Battle of Mikatagahara: In Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.

遠江国の三方ヶ原(現在の静岡県浜松市内)で甲斐の武田信玄152173と三河徳川家康154316が戦闘、武田軍が勝利。

敗れた家康がこの敗北を肝に銘ずるために描かせた、敗北直後の家康の肖像

1575/0125:ポルトガル航海士、
Luanda, the capital of Angola, is founded by the Portuguese navigator Paulo Dias de Novais.


1586/0125:ドイツ画家 Lucas Cranach der Jüngere 151586、死去

als Sohn Lucas Cranachs des Älteren ein bedeutender Maler und Porträtist der Renaissance.

 Martin Luther, 1559
 
Philipp Melanchthon, 1559

クラナッハ親子の作品の区別は難しいらしい。

1627/0125:イギリス科學者 Robert Boyle 162791、誕生

an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor.
Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method.
He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.
Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry

1641年にはイタリアを訪れ、その年の冬はフィレンツェで過ごし、ガリレオガリレイに師事した(ガリレオは1642年没)。
ボイルは、「延命法」「飛行技法」「永久照明」「鎧を極めて軽く硬くする技法」「どんな風でも沈まない帆船」「経度を確認する確実な方法」「想像力や記憶などの能力を高める薬や苦痛を和らげる薬や悪夢を見ない安らかな眠りをもたらす薬」といった24の「発明したいものの一覧」表を作ったさうな。


 

1682/0125(天和02/1228):Japan[江戸時代]
江戸で「お七火事」と呼ばれることになる大火事が起こる

A big fire occurred that will be called "Oshichi Fires" in Edo
駒込の大円寺から出火とされ、この日の正午頃から翌朝明方まで燃え続けた。死者は最大3500名余と推定

「お七火事」と云はれるが、この大火は八百屋お七が放火したわけではない。
彼女の悲劇は、この火事の後に起こる ――
燒けだされたお七の一家は寺に避難したが、そこで彼女は寺の小姓と戀仲になってしまふ。やがて家が再建され、寺を去ることになったが彼女の思ひは募るばかり。募る憶ひにまた火事になれば、この寺にゐられるかも知れぬと思ひこみ、新築の自宅に火を点けた。この放火はすぐに消し止められたが、お七は火付けの罪で錫ヶ森で火炙りの刑になった。詳しくは井原西鶴164293の『好色五人女を御覧あれ。
 

1704/0125:北アメリカ大陸で、
The Battle of Ayubale results in the destruction of most of the Spanish missions in Florida.


1736/0125:数学者 Joseph-Louis Lagrange 176313、誕生

Joseph Louis, comte de Lagrange est un mathématicien, mécanicien et astronome italien naturalisé français.
À l'âge de trente ans, il quitte le Piémont et va séjourner à Berlin pendant 21 ans. Ensuite, il s'installe pour ses vingt-six dernières années à Paris, où il obtient la nationalité française sur l'instance d'Antoine Lavoisier.
Ses premières réalisations sont appliquées à la physique de l'intégration différentielle, en particulier à la dynamique.
Après cela, il a encore généralisé la dynamique, il a créé la mécanique analytique (mécanique lagrangienne) basée sur le principe du moindre effet. La «mécanique analytique» de Lagrange est devenue une œuvre classique à la fin du XVIIIe siècle avec «l'astrophysique» de Laplace.

1743/0125:ドイツ思想家 Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi 174319、誕生

an influential German philosopher, literary figure, socialite, and the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi.
He is notable for popularizing the term nihilism (coined by Obereit in 1787) and promoting it as the prime fault of Enlightenment thought particularly in the philosophical systems of Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Johann Fichte and Friedrich Schelling.
Instead of speculative reason, he advocated Glaube (variously translated as faith or "belief") and revelation. In this sense, Jacobi anticipated present-day writers who criticize secular philosophy as relativistic and dangerous for religious faith.
In his time, he was also well-known among literary circles for his critique of the Sturm and Drang movement, and implicitly close associate Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and its visions of atomized individualism.
His literary projects were devoted to the reconciliation of Enlightenment individualism with social obligation.

「非哲学(Nichtphilosophie)」の立場を唱道し、人間の活動すべての基礎を、悟性的な論証によっては到達できない、私とともに神的人格が「ある!」という直接的な確信、すなわち「信(der Glaube)」のうちに求めた

1755/0125:ロシア
Moscow University is established on Tatiana Day.

основы Московского государственного университета.
At the suggestion of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov founded the first university in Russia, the present-day Lomonosov University, in Moscow, following a decree by Tsarina Elizabeth I.

1759/0125:スコットランド詩人 Robert Burns 179659、誕生

also known as Rabbie Burns, the Bard of Ayrshire, Ploughman Poet and various other names and epithets, was a Scottish poet and lyricist.
He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is also in English and a light Scots dialect, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest.

1765/0125:フォウクランド島にイギリス植民
Port Egmont, the first British settlement in the Falkland Islands at the southern tip of South America, is founded.


1774/0125:ロンドンに最初の「Grand Hotel」開業
Barber David Low opens the world's first Grand Hotel at Covent Garden in London.


1782/0125:During the American Revolutionary War,
 the two-day Battle of St. Kitts begins off the Caribbean island of St. Kitts between a British fleet under Samuel Hood, Viscount Hood and a French fleet under François Joseph Paul de Grasse.


1785/0125:フランス宮廷「Affaire du collier de la reine」事件

L’affaire du collier est une escroquerie qui eut pour victime, en 1785, le cardinal de Rohan, évêque de Strasbourg, et qui éclaboussa la réputation de la reine Marie-Antoinette.
 
 

1787/0125:Shays's Rebellion:
 The rebellion's largest confrontation, outside the Springfield Armory, results in the killing of four rebels and the wounding of twenty.



1791/0125:イギリス議會
The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791 and splits the old Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.


1792/0125:イギリス
The London Corresponding Society is founded.


1802/0125:イタリア共和国、誕生
Nascita della Repubblica italiana.


1813/0125:フォンテヌブロ協定、調印
Signature du Concordat de Fontainebleau.

Le concordat de Fontainebleau est un traité signé entre le Saint-Siège de Pie VII et l’Empire français de Napoléon Ier à Fontainebleau, le 25 janvier 1813 et promulgué le 13 février 1813.

1821/0125(文政03/12222):日本の警世家 本多利明174321、死去

江戸時代の和算家、経世家。

1781年(天明元年)39歳の頃から北方問題へ関心を強め、危機意識を持った。
1787年天明7年)奥羽地方を旅し、天明の大飢饉に苦しむ会津藩仙台藩などの農村の悲惨さを目のあたりにした。これらが主な動機となって、彼の関心は経世論に向かった。
1789年(寛政元年)に『蝦夷拾遺』や江戸開発論[1]を発表した。
1801年(享和元)には幕命で江戸から蝦夷間の航路を調査する

急進的な欧化主義者であり、蝦夷地の開発や海外領土の獲得、幕府主導の交易、開国論、重商主義などを説く。特に幕藩体制を越えて国家が貿易をはじめとする商業全般を掌るべきとの考えを示し、広く未開の地を開拓せよと説き、欧州国家を見習って植民地政策の必要性も説いている。幕府老中の田沼意次蝦夷調査団を派遣する際には、下僕の最上徳内を推薦する。
漢字を放棄して能率的なアルファベットを導入せよと説いた他、ロンドンと同じ緯度に遷都すれば日本の首都もロンドン同様に繁栄するであろうとの理由から、カムチャツカ半島への遷都を説くなど、

1837/0125(天保07/1219):日本最後の文人畫家 富岡鐵齋183724、誕生

Tomioka Tessai était le pseudonyme d'un peintre et calligraphe au Japon impérial. Il est considéré comme le dernier artiste majeur de la tradition Bunjinga et l'un des premiers artistes majeurs du style Nihonga.

幼少の頃から勉学に励み、はじめは富岡家の家学である石門心学を、次いで大国隆正に国学や勤王思想を、さらに岩垣月洲らに漢学(陽明学など)を学ぶ。

出家した大田垣蓮月尼が少年の鉄斎を侍童として育て、その人格形成に影響した。


1858/0125:大英帝國、ヴィクトリア女王の結婚
The Prussian Crown Prince Friedrich marries Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland, the daughter of British Queen Victoria, in the chapel of St. James's Palace in London.
The wedding march from A Midsummer Night's Dream by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, which is played at the wedding, is generally very popular at weddings.



1874/0125:イギリス小説家 Somerset Maugham 187465、誕生

British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s.

医師になり第一次大戦では軍医、諜報部員として従軍。1919の『月と六ペンス』で注目され、流行作家となった。平明なスタイルとストリテリングの妙で、最良の意味での通俗作家であった。『人間の絆』『お菓子とビール』などなど。

ロシア革命時はイギリス情報局秘密情報部の情報工作員。同性愛者。

1881/0125:USA、
Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.


1882/0125:イギリス作家 Virginia Woolf 188241、誕生

an English writer who is considered one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century and a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.
Born in an affluent household in Kensington, London, she attended the King's College London and was acquainted with the early reformers of women's higher education.

Virginia et sa sœur Vanessa jouant au cricket.

1885/0125:日本の詩人 北原白秋188542、誕生

Kitahara Hakushū est un poète de tanka japonais considéré comme l'un des plus populaires et importants de la littérature japonaise moderne.
1901年(明治34年)、大火によって北原家の酒蔵が全焼し、以降家産が傾き始める。白秋自身は依然文学に熱中し、同人雑誌に詩文を掲載。この年、初めて「白秋」の号を用いる。
早稻田で若山牧水188528と相識となり
1906年(明治39年)、新詩社に参加。与謝野鉄幹与謝野晶子、木下杢太郎、石川啄木らと知り合う。『明星』で発表した詩は、上田敏蒲原有明薄田泣菫らの賞賛するところとなり、
姦通罪 人気詩人の醜聞となり、


1886/0125:ドイツの指揮者 Wilhelm Furtwängler 188654、誕生

ein deutscher Dirigent und Komponist. Er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Dirigenten des 20. Jahrhunderts.

音楽評論家の吉田秀和は「濃厚な官能性と高い精神性と、その両方が一つに溶け合った魅力でもって聴き手を強烈な陶酔にまきこんだ」「(ベートーヴェンが)これらの音楽に封じ込めていた観念と情念が生き返ってくるのがきこえる」と評した。が、
Furtwängler himself dislikes extremely to be regarded as a "late Romanticist" and said that "I am neither a romantic nor a classicist".

1890/0125:ドイツ帝國で
With 167 to 98 votes, the German Reichstag rejects a government bill by Otto von Bismarck for the extension of the Socialist Law for an indefinite period.


1890/0125:USA、女性記者、世界一周
Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.



1891/0125:ゴッホの弟 Théo Van Gogh 185791、死去

un marchand d'art néerlandais, frère cadet du peintre Vincent van Gogh. Les 652 lettres que Vincent écrivit à son frère Théo1 constituent un témoignage unique de la vie et de la pensée de l'artiste.



{私は、Vincent van Gogh 185390 よりも彼の畫業を全面的に支へたこの男の生涯のはうに感動を催す。しかし、兄はこの弟の肖像画を一枚も描かなかった。と讀んだ物で記憶したのだが ―― 長年画家自身の肖像画と見做されてきたものがテオの肖像画であったことが2011年に判明したさうだ。


1902/0125:日本の作家 中野重治190279、誕生

Japanischer Schriftsteller, Dichter, Kritiker, Politiker.
In 1924 he entered the German literature department of the University of Tokyo. In 1931 he joined the Japanese Communist Party, for which he was arrested in 1934. Immediately after World War II he rejoined the party, and in 1947 began a three-year term as elected representative to the government. In 1958 he was elected to the party's Central Committee, but in 1964 was expelled due to political conflicts.

1902/0125:ペテルスブルクで スクリャビン『第二交響曲』初演
World premiere of the 2nd Symphony by Alexander Nikolaevich Scriabin in St. Petersburg.


1902/0125:Japan 史上最低の気温を觀測
北海道旭川市で最低気温「ー41℃」を観測。日本における公式の最低気温の記録。

Observation of the lowest temperature "- 41 ° C" in Asahikawa city, Hokkaido. Record of the official minimum temperature in Japan.

1904/0125:USA「ワイヤハンガ」の特許
On behalf of the manufacturer John Timberlake, the United States Patent Office applies for a patent on the invented wire hanger.


1905/0125:ウインで シェンベルク『ペレアスとメリザンド』初演
Arnold Schönberg dirigiert im Großen Musikvereinssaal in Wien die Uraufführung seiner symphonischen Dichtung Pelleas und Melisande nach dem Drama von Maurice Maeterlinck.


1907/0125:ロシア皇帝満州からの撤兵を宣言
Emperor Nicolai II of Russia declared a withdrawal from Manchuria.


1908/0125:イギリスの小説家 Ouida 183908、死去

the pseudonym of the English novelist Maria Louise Ramé (although she preferred to be known as Marie Louise de la Ramée).


A Dog of Flanders is an 1872 novel by English author Marie Louise de la Ramée published with her pseudonym "Ouida". It is about a Flemish boy named Nello and his dog, Patrasche and is set in Antwerp.

最後はたくさんの動物たちと悲慘なことになってしまった。

1909/0125:日本の棋士 木谷實190975

Kitani Minoru a été l’un des joueurs de go professionnels les plus célèbres au Japon, au cours du XXe siècle.

二十世紀の日本の棋士のなかでも屈指の存在であり、中國から日本にやってきた呉清源と雙璧となり日本の圍碁界を支へ、なかんづく、自宅を解放し木谷道場として内弟子をとり後進を育成した。
その弟子には、大竹英雄名誉碁聖加藤正夫名誉王座・二十四世本因坊秀芳・武宮正樹九段・小林光一名誉棋聖・二十五世本因坊治勲・小林覚九段・ほか多数、戦後の圍碁界の主流となった。

1909/0125:ドレスデンシュトラウスエレクトラ』初演
An der Hofoper in Dresden wird die Symphonieoper Elektra von Richard Strauss mit dem Libretto von Hugo von Hofmannsthal erfolgreich uraufgeführt. Die Klytämnestra singt Ernestine Schumann-Heink.

Richard Strauss's opera Elektra receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera.

1911/0125:日本の女流アナキスト 管野スガ188110、刑死

Kanno Sugako (管野須賀子), also called Suga (スガ) was an anarcho-feminist Japanese journalist by profession. She was the author of a series of articles about gender oppression, and a defender of freedom and equal rights for men and women.
In 1910, she was accused of treason by the Japanese government for her alleged involvement in what became known as the Kotoku incident 大逆事件, aimed at the assassination of Emperor Meiji.
She was the first woman with the status of political prisoner to be executed in the history of modern Japan.


大逆事件幸徳秋水事件
1910年、3月22日に平民社は解散され、スガと秋水は湯治療養のために湯河原に行った。二人は不倫の仲であった。
同年6月1日、湯河原で2人は逮捕された。宮下太吉、新村忠雄、古河力作の五名は、天皇暗殺を密謀した罪で起訴され、いわゆる幸徳事件(大逆事件)の被告となった。
今村力三郎弁護士は、この事件はスガ、宮下、新村が共謀したもので、秋水も首領としての責任はあるとしたものの、他の者の関与を否定したが、判決では、警察の捏造によってその他多数の社会主義者無政府主義者、二十四名が有罪とされ死刑となった。

1915/0125:USA、
Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates U.S. transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco.


1915/0125:WWⅠ
Im Ersten Weltkrieg wird in Deutschland die Versorgung mit Brot rationiert. Die Brotkarte ist die erste von weiteren, folgenden Lebensmittelmarken.

In the First World War, the supply of bread in Germany is rationed. The bread card is the first of other, following food stamps.

1917/0125:科學的思想家 Ilya Prigogine 191703、誕生

(Илья Романович Пригожин, Ilia Romanovitch Prigojine), est un physicien et un chimiste belge d'origine russe. イリヤ プリゴジン
Il est connu surtout pour sa présentation sur les structures dissipatives et l'auto-organisation des systèmes, qui ont changé les approches par rapport aux théories classiques basées sur l'entropie.
Ce en quoi il révèle une théorie parallèle à la théorie du chaos.
Dans La Nouvelle Alliance. La Métamorphose de la science, Prigogine développe la thèse suivante : la science classique considérait les phénomènes comme déterminés et réversibles, ce qui est en contradiction avec l'expérience courante. L'irréversibilité des phénomènes temporels caractéristique de la thermodynamique (non linéaire) réconcilie la physique avec le sens commun, tout en faisant date dans l'histoire de la thermodynamique.

エントロピー生成極小原理」

非平衡系における秩序の仕組みとして「散逸構造」という概念を提唱

「混沌からの秩序」(1979年)は科学の専門家でない一般向けに、彼の理論を理解してもらおうと書かれたものである。そのほかの著書として、「存在から発展へ」(1980年)や「複雑性の探究」(1989年)など。科学思想のみならず現代思想へ大きな影響力を持った。

1918/0125:ウクライナ
Ukraine declares independence from Bolshevik Russia.


1920/0125:モジリアニの愛人 Jeanne Hébuterne 189820、自殺

un artiste français, mieux connu comme le sujet fréquent et la femme en union libre de l'artiste Amedeo Modigliani.
Surnommée « Noix de coco » en raison de son teint blanc laiteux et de ses cheveux châtain aux reflets roux, elle est surtout connue, de nos jours, pour sa relation amoureuse avec Amedeo Modigliani.

Hébuterne by Modigliani, 1918

On 24 January 1920 Amedeo Modigliani died. Jeanne Hébuterne's family brought her to their home but Jeanne threw herself out of the fifth-floor apartment window two days after Modigliani's death, killing herself and her unborn child.

1922/0125:遺傳學者 Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza 1922--、誕生

un genetista e scienziato italiano, che si è occupato anche di antropologia e di storia.
He is particularly known for pioneering research on human genetic properties and the history of the human population.

血液型の地理的分布の研究を、人類集団の移住や拡散の歴史との関係についての研究へと発展させた。1960年代には人類集団の系統樹作成を提唱し、最節約法、最尤法、距離行列法などの方法論を導入した。その後、人類の遺伝集団と人間の文化や言語との関係にも関心を広げ、
すでに常識となってゐる「人種」の概念が、遺伝学的にはほとんど意味をもたないことを明らかにしてきた。
最近では、世界中の人の遺伝データを集積するヒトゲノム多様性プロジェクトを提唱し積極的に推進しているが、これに対しては一部から「新植民地主義的」との批判がある。

1923/0125:神經薬理學者 Arvid Carlsson 1923--、誕生

a Swedish neuropharmacologist who is best known for his work with the neurotransmitter dopamine and its effects in Parkinson's disease. For his work on dopamine, Carlsson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000, along with co-recipients Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.
In the 1950s he demonstrated that dopamine is not just a precursor to noradrenaline as believed in the past, it is a neurotransmitter in the brain.

1924/0125:最初の冬季オリンピック開催
The 1924 Winter Olympics opens in Chamonix, in the French Alps, inaugurating the Winter Olympic Games.


1927/0125:ボサノバ開祖 Antônio Carlos Jobim 192794、誕生

Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim, also known as Tom Jobim , was a Brazilian composer, pianist, songwriter, arranger and singer.
Widely considered as one of the great exponents of Brazilian music. Jobim is the artist who internationalized bossa nova and, with the help of important American artists, merged it with jazz to standardize in the 1960s a new sound whose popular success was very remarkable.
In the late 1950s, he created Bossa Nova with João Gilberto, Vinicius di Morais etc.

{私は專ら『Getz/Gilberto』を聽いてゐました。そのなかの一曲「O Grande Amor」の旋律が私にとっての究極のボサノバとなりました。
 

1927/0125:Japan「明治節(現文化の日)」制定を可決


1932/0125:第二次日中事變
Second Sino-Japanese War: The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins its defense of Harbin.


1935/0125:Japan「宝塚大劇場」炎上、燒失

 

宝塚少女歌劇團は、今日一月二十五日が命日の小林一三187357が作り育てたものです。

1937/0125:USA
The Guiding Light debuts on NBC/01 radio from Chicago. In 1952 it moves to CBS television, where it remains until September 18, 2009.


1938/0125:ソ連の言語學者 Yevgeny Polivanov 189136、死去

a Soviet linguist, orientalist and polyglot.
He wrote major works on the Japanese, Chinese, Uzbek, and Dungan languages and on theoretical linguistics and poetics. He participated in the development of writing systems for the peoples of the Soviet Union and also designed a cyrillization system for Japanese language, which was officially accepted in the Soviet Union and is still the standard in modern Russia. He also translated the Kyrgyz national Epic of Manas into Russian. Polivanov is credited as the scholar who initiated the comparative study of Japanese pitch accent across dialects


In 1938, he was arrested and executed for criticizing Nikolai Mul's theory (the official linguistic theory in the Stalin regime).

1908年 ペテルブルク大学に入学。ヤン・ボードゥアン・ド・クルトネに師事。

1938/0125:日本の漫画家 石ノ森章太郎193898、誕生

Ishinomori Shōtarō was a Japanese manga artist who became an influential figure in manga, anime, and tokusatsu, creating several immensely popular long-running series such as Cyborg 009, the Super Sentai series and the Kamen Rider Series.
He mass-produced works in a wide variety of fields from SF manga to learning manga, and was described as "King of Manga" and "Emperor of Manga".

1938/0125:日本の漫画家 松本零士1938--、誕生

Matsumoto Reiji is a well-known creator of several anime and manga series. His wife Miyako Maki is also a manga artist.
石ノ森章太郎と同じ年月日に生まれ、二人は同時期に練馬区に在住し、同時期に手塚治虫のアシスタントを務めたことがあり、

1942/0125:WWⅡ
Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.


1945/0125:WWⅡ
The Battle of the Bulge ends.


1946/0125:UN
Resolution No. 1 of the United Nations Security Council on the Staff Committee.


1946/0125:USA
The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.


1947/0125:USAギャング Al Capone 189947、死去

Alphonse Gabriel « Al » Capone,
sometimes known by the nickname "Scarface", was an American mobster, crime boss, and businessman who attained notoriety during the Prohibition era as the co-founder and boss of the Chicago Outfit. His seven-year reign as crime boss ended when he was 33.


1947/0125:USA、最初の電子ゲイムに特許
Thomas Goldsmith Jr. files a patent for a "Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device", the first ever electronic game.


1949/0125:日本の政事家 牧野伸顕186149、死去

Makino Nobuaki was a Japanese statesman, active from the Meiji period through the Pacific War.


1949/0125:USA、エミイ賞の第一回授賞式
The first Emmy Awards are presented; the venue is the Hollywood Athletic Club.


1952/0125:
Crise franco-allemande à propos de l'administration de la Sarre.


1955/0125:
The Soviet Union ends the state of war with Germany.


1957/0125:日本の病理学者 志賀潔187157、死去

Shiga Kiyoshi was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist.


Discovery of Shigella(赤痢菌の発見者)
1896年(明治29年) - 大学を卒業し、大日本私立衛生会伝染病研究所に入所、北里柴三郎に師事。
1897年(明治30年) - 赤痢菌を発見し、「細菌学雑誌」に『赤痢病原研究報告第一』を日本語で発表。
1898年(明治31年) - 要約論文をドイツ語で発表。これにより、赤痢菌の属名は志賀に因んでShigellaとされた。

1957/0125:日本の經濟人 小林一三187357、死去

Kobayashi Ichizō, occasionally referred to by his pseudonym Itsuō (逸翁), was a Japanese industrialist. He is best known as the founder of Hankyu Railway, Takarazuka Revue, and Toho. He represented Japanese capital in government.


明治から昭和にかけての實業家は多趣味の人が多かった。この小林一三もその一人で、代表的な一人であった。
日露戦争後、鐵道事業に着目し、鐵道を中心に展開する沿線構想「乘客は電車が創造する」により、阪急沿線の都市開發と流通事業を一體とし、さらには娯楽施設も作った(その一つが、寶塚の少女歌劇團)。
また、幣原喜重郎187251内閣の國務大臣にもなった。そのためか、敗戦後は公職追放となった。

1957/0125:インド
Annexion du Cachemire par l'Inde.


1960/0125:
The National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the "payola" scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accept money for playing particular records.


1960/0125:Japan「三井三池争議」
 三井鉱山三井三池炭鉱ロックアウト。全山の労組が無期限ストに突入。


1961/0125:USA、In Washington, D.C.,
 President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference.


1964/0125:
Blue Ribbon Sports is founded by University of Oregon track and field athletes, which would later become Nike.


1969/0125:
Brazilian Army captain Carlos Lamarca deserts in order to fight against the military dictatorship, taking with him ten machine guns and 63 rifles.


1970/0125:日本の特撮映画監督 円谷英二190170、死去

Tsuburaya Eiji was a Japanese special effects director responsible for many Japanese science-fiction films and television series, being one of the co-creators of the Godzilla series, as well as the main creator of the Ultra Series.

1971/0125:
In India, the northern state of Himachal Pradesh emerges from a previously existing Union territory.


1971/0125:ウガンダでクウデタ
Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president.

ウガンダでミルトン・オボテ大統領の外訪中に軍司令官イディ・アミンがクウデタを起こし、大統領に就任。

1971/0125:USA「マンソン事件」
Charles Manson and three female "Family" members are found guilty of the 1969 Tate–LaBianca murders.


1973/0125:日本のプロボクサ 大場政夫194973、自動車事故死

Ohoba Masao was a professional boxer from Tokyo, Japan. He became the WBA flyweight champion on October 22, 1970, defeating the reigning champion Berkrerk Chartvanchai in Tokyo and retained the championship for an impressive five title defenses. He died in a car accident at 23, still holding his world title.


1980/0125:
Mother Teresa is honored with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna


1981/0125:PRChina「四人組」に判決
文化大革命の責任者「四人組」に対する裁判の判決。江青・元政治局員(毛沢東夫人)と張春橋・元副首相に死刑宣告(1983年同日に無期懲役減刑)。

In China, the verdicts are being heard in the trial of the so-called Gang of Four: Mao's widow Jiang Qing and Zhang Chunqiao are sentenced to death, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen each sentenced to 20 years imprisonment. The death sentences are later turned into life imprisonment.
condamnation à mort de Jiang Qing, la veuve de Mao Zedong.

1982/0125:ソ連の政事家 Mikhaïl Souslov 190282、死去

a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as Second Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1965, and as unofficial Chief Ideologue of the Party until his death in 1982.
Suslov was responsible for party democracy and the power separation within the Communist Party. His hardline attitude toward change made him one of the foremost anti-reformist Soviet leaders.


1986/0125:ウガンダ
The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda.


1990/0125:飛行機事故

 


Flight crash accident on 52 Avianca Airways. 73 people died.


1993/0125:USA
Five people are shot outside the CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Two are killed and three wounded.


1994/0125:USA数学者 Stephen Cole Kleene 190994、死去

an American mathematician.
One of the students of Alonzo Church, Kleene, along with Rózsa Péter, Alan Turing, Emil Post, and others, is best known as a founder of the branch of mathematical logic known as recursion theory, which subsequently helped to provide the foundations of theoretical computer science.
Kleene's work grounds the study of computable functions. A number of mathematical concepts are named after him: Kleene hierarchy, Kleene algebra, the Kleene star (Kleene closure), Kleene's recursion theorem and the Kleene fixpoint theorem. He also invented regular expressions, and made significant contributions to the foundations of mathematical intuitionism.

1995/0125:The Norwegian rocket incident:
 Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a US Trident missile.


1996/0125:USA、最後の死刑執行
Billy Bailey becomes the last person to be hanged in the U.S.A.


1998/0125:キュウバ
During a historic visit to Cuba, Pope John Paul II demands political reforms and the release of political prisoners while condemning US attempts to isolate the country.


1998/0125:レバノン自爆テロ
A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka's Temple of the Tooth kills eight and injures 25 others.


1999/0125:コロンビアで地震
A 6.0 Richter scale earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000.


1999/0125:Japan「バイアグラ
厚生省が性的不能治療薬バイアグラを申請から半年で製造承認。

The Ministry of Health and Welfare approves production for sexually disabled drug Viagra from six months after application.

2003/0125:Invasion of Iraq:
 A group of people leave London, England, for Baghdad, Iraq, to serve as human shields, intending to prevent the U.S.-led coalition troops from bombing certain locations.


2005/0125:インドで
A stampede at the Mandhradevi temple in Maharashtra, India kills at least 258.

A panic in the Mandher Devi Temple in Wai in Maharashtra, India, has left at least 330 dead and over 200 injured.

2011/0125:USA社界學者 Daniel Bell 191911、死去

an American sociologist, writer, editor, and professor at Harvard University, best known for his contributions to the study of post-industrialism.
He has been described as "one of the leading American intellectuals of the postwar era."

His three best known works are The End of Ideology, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society and The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism.

In The End of Ideology (1960), Bell suggests that the older grand humanistic ideologies derived from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are exhausted and that new more parochial ideologies will soon arise.

In The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting (1973), Bell outlined a new kind of society, the post-industrial society. He argued that post-industrialism would be information-led and service-oriented.

In The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (1976), Bell contends that the developments of 20th century capitalism have led to a contradiction between the cultural sphere of consumerist instant self-gratification and the demand, in the economic sphere, for hard-working, productive individuals. Bell articulates this through his "three realms" methodology, which divides modern society into the cultural, economic and political spheres.

2011/0125:エジプトにもアラブの春
In Egypt, mass protests against President Hosni Mubarak begin in the Arab Spring.

The first wave of the Egyptian revolution begins throughout the country, marked by street demonstrations, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes.
La révolution égyptienne de 2011 (en arabe ثورة 25 يناير - thawrah 25 yanāyir, révolution du 25 janvier), est une série d'évènements (manifestations, grèves, occupation de l'espace public, destruction de bâtiments et symboles du pouvoir, affrontements avec les forces de l'ordre) ayant abouti à la démission du président Hosni Moubarak et à une libéralisation du régime.

2013/0125:ベネゼイラ
At least 50 people are killed and 120 people are injured in a prison riot in Barquisimeto, Venezuela.


2015/0125:フィリピン
A clash in Mamasapano, Maguindanao in the Philippines killing 44 members of Special Action Force (SAF), at least 18 from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and five from the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters.





 

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