歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

11/16:出來事はまづ物語となって歴史となる「佛陀やキリストのやうに

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World


歴史暦:古今東西 11/16 今日の出來事



-042/1116:Tiberius Julius Caesar -04237、誕生

第二代ロウマ皇帝。初代皇帝 アウグストスの養子。
養子となる前の名前は実父と同じ「Tibelius Claudius Nero」


0534/1116:東ロウマ帝國、
The East Roman Emperor Justinian I publishes the revised version of the Codex Justinian.

東ロウマ皇帝ユスティニアヌス一世が編纂させた『新勅法彙纂』が公布。

0951/1116:China[五胡時代]

Emperor Li Jing sends a Southern Tang expeditionary force of 10,000 men under Bian Hao to conquer Chu. Li Jing removes the ruling family to his own capital in Nanjing. Ending the Chu Kingdom.


1161/1116:China[宋]「唐島之戰」
南宋兩浙西路馬步軍副總管李寶在山東附近東海海面唐島以120戰船3000人的水師大敗蘇保衡、完顏鄭家奴率領的600艘戰船70000人的金水師,完顏鄭家奴戰死。

The famous battles in the Song and Jin dynasties in ancient China took place near the island of Tonkin (also known as Chenjiazhai) near the Huanghai Sea in Huangdao District of Qingdao City. The Jinzong Navy wanted to attack the Lin'an Prefecture (now Hangzhou) The fall of the Song Dynasty, but the Jinshu division annihilated, but to the victory of Song and ended.


1272/1116:09十字軍、從軍中、ヘンリ三世、イギリス國王に
While travelling during the Ninth Crusade, Prince Edward becomes King of England upon Henry III of England's death, but he will not return to England for nearly two years to assume the throne.


1491/1116:スペインでユダヤ人迫害
An auto-da-fé, held in the Brasero de la Dehesa outside of Ávila, concludes the case of the Holy Child of La Guardia with the public execution of several Jewish and converso suspects.

1ユダヤ人のスペイン追放前夜、ラグアルディアで多くのユダヤ人が「黒儀式で子供を惨殺し、その心臓を取り出した」といふ嫌疑で告発された。だが、行方不明の子供の報告はなく、死体が發見されることもなかった。にもかかわらず、告発されたユダヤ人は極刑に處せられた。
当然、捏造の事件と考へるべきだが、この「事件」を喧傳した者は、子供が犠牲になった直後に地震があり、太陽が暗黒となり、遺體は天上に昇っていったなど、キリストの受難をにほはせながら吹聽してまはった。
この「物語」は後の世に芝居に仕立てられ、以後数百年、歌い演じ継がれた。
 

1532/1116:スペイン「コンキスタドル」ピサロのインカ攻略
Arrestation de l'Inca Atahualpa lors de la bataille de Cajamarca.

Francisco Pizarro and his men capture Inca Emperor Atahualpa at the Battle of Cajamarca.


1542/1116:スペイン、アメリカ探檢、太平洋に
An expedition of the Spanish Navy under Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo reaches the Monterey Bay in the Pacific.


1632/1116:Thirty Years' War「Battle of Lützen」
 is fought, the Swedes are victorious but King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden dies in the battle.

In der Schlacht bei Lützen im Dreißigjährigen Krieg besiegen die Schweden unter Gustav II. Adolf die kaiserlichen Truppen Wallensteins, wobei jedoch der schwedische König fällt.

1717/1116:Jean le Rond D'Alembert 171783、誕生

philosophe, mathématicien et encyclopédiste français
Il est célèbre pour avoir dirigé l’Encyclopédie avec Denis Diderot jusqu’en 1757 et pour ses recherches en mathématiques sur les équations différentielles et les dérivées partielles.

1743年に『動力学論』を刊行し、全ヨーロッパで脚光を浴びる。次いで「流体の釣り合いと運動論」「風の一般的原因に関する研究」などの物理学的研究を次々に発表した。その研究はパリ社交界でも注目され、科学関係者だけでなくディドロ、ルソー、コンディヤックらの哲学者と知り合い、関心分野を広げた。その知名度と関心の広さを見込まれ、ディドロとともに『百科全書』の責任編集者となり、その刊行(1751年)にあたっては序論を執筆した。

1724/1116:Jack Sheppard 170224、公開處刑

a notorious English thief and gaol-breaker of early 18th-century London.
He was arrested and imprisoned five times in 1724 but escaped four times from prison, making him a notorious public figure, and wildly popular with the poorer classes. Ultimately, he was caught, convicted, and hanged at Tyburn, ending his brief criminal career after less than two years.
 


Sheppard was as renowned for his attempts to escape from prison as he was for his crimes. An autobiographical "Narrative", thought to have been ghostwritten by Daniel Defoe, was sold at his execution, quickly followed by popular plays. The character of Macheath in John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1728) was based on Sheppard, keeping him in the limelight for over 100 years.
 

1773/1116:
Mariage du futur Charles X de France avec Marie-Thérèse de Savoie.




1776/1116:American Revolutionary War:
 British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots.


1776/1116:American Revolution:
The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States.


1793/1116:French Revolution:
90 dissident Roman Catholic priests are executed by drowning at Nantes.


1797/1116:プロシア國王
The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William III.


1802/1116:
Der deutsche Dichter Friedrich Schiller erhält sein Adelsdiplom.


1805/1116:Napoleonic Wars「Battle of Schöngrabern」
Russian forces under Pyotr Bagration delay the pursuit by French troops under Joachim Murat.


1808/1116:ナポレオン法典
L'Empereur Napoléon Bonaparte adopte le Code d'instruction criminelle, le code de procédure pénale français. Le modèle de cette réglementation conduit ensuite dans les Etats allemands à la fin de la procédure d'inquisition.


1822/1116:USA「西部開拓」
Missouri trader William Becknell arrives in Santa Fe, New Mexico, over a route that became known as the Santa Fe Trail.



1828/1116:ギリシア獨立戰爭
Greek War of Independence: The London Protocol entails the creation of an autonomous Greek state under Ottoman suzerainty, encompassing the Morea and the Cyclades.


1843/1116(天保14/⑨25):田中光顕184339、誕生

日本、土佐藩の家老家の家臣の家に一男として誕生。
武市半平太182965の尊皇攘夷運動に傾倒、土佐勤王黨に參加した。
叔父の那須信吾182563が吉田東洋181662を暗殺したが、彼も關與してゐた可能性がある。
八月十八日の政變で状況一變、謹愼身分となったが同志と脱藩、高杉晉作183967を頼る。
薩長同盟に奔走し、黒田清隆184000が長州を訪ねた際には同行した。
後に土佐に戻り、中岡愼太郎183867の陸援隊に幹部として参加。
中岡が龍馬ととtもに暗殺されると、現場に驅けつけ重傷の中岡から事情を聞く。中岡の死後は陸援隊の副隊長として、鳥羽伏見戰、戊辰戰爭で活躍した。
維新後は新政府に出仕。岩倉使節團には理事官として加はった。
西南戰爭では政府軍の側、後に陸軍に關與するやうになり陸軍少將にまでなって、政界に轉進、重職を歴任して
1898、宮内大臣となり、同じ土佐出身の佐々木高行や土方久元らと、天皇親政派の宮廷政事家となるが。
1909、収賄疑惑で辭職、政界を引退。
引退後は、晉作の漢詩集を出版したり、零落してゐた高市の遺族の庇護、維新志士の顯彰に盡力した。 

1849/1116:ロシア、ドストエフスキ、死刑を免れる
A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.

 

1855/1116:イギリス探檢家、
David Livingstone becomes the first European to see the Victoria Falls in what is now Zambia-Zimbabwe.



1863/1116:American Civil War
Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee: Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces.


1869/1116:スエズ運河、開通
The shipping traffic in the Suez Canal is released, the official opening follows a day later.


1885/1116:Louis Riel 184485、刑死

Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba" Louis Riel is executed for treason.

a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political leader of the Métis people of the Canadian Prairies.

1892/1116:郭沫若189278、誕生

中國人。幼名文豹,原名開貞,字鼎堂,號尚武,四川省樂山縣客家人。中國現代著名文學家、劇作家、詩人,同時,還是歷史學家、古文字學家、書法家、學者、社會活動家,致力於世界和平運動。

文化大革命時、
毛沢東江青らの詩を賛美し、批林批孔運動に乗り、著書『李白杜甫』で杜甫を貶め、毛沢東が好きな李白を讃えた。また、当時の政策を褒める詩を多く発表した。しかし、四人組が逮捕されると一転して彼らを批判する詩を発表した。

1894/1116:Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi 189472、誕生

ein japanisch-österreichischer Schriftsteller, Philosoph Politiker und Gründer der Paneuropa-Union.

1895/1116:Paul Hindemith 189563、誕生

ein deutscher Komponist der Moderne (Neue Musik).

1899/1116:China[清]、
フランスに廣州湾一帯を九十九ヶ年租借することを内容とする条約を締結

 

1903/1116:Camillo Sitte 184303、死去

ein österreichischer Architekt, Stadtplaner, Städtebau- und Kulturtheoretiker sowie Maler.


効率性を重視し技術主義に偏した都市計画に異議を唱へ、文化や芸術の場としての都市空間を主張、芸術都市の意義を唱へた人物。

1904/1116:イギリス人「眞空管」發明
English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).



1911/1116:イギリス、ラッセルとヴィトゲンシュタイン、初対面
The philosophers Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein meet each other for the first time.
Russell notes in his journal: "After the lecture, a hot German came to argue with me [...] Actually, it's a waste of time to talk to him."


1911/1116:China[清]
辛亥革命鎮圧のために袁世凱が清の第二代内閣総理大臣に就任。


1914/1116:USA「FRB」開業
The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens.

Banks in the US Federal Reserve System, including the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, begin operations.

1914/1116:ベルリンに「Pacifist New Fatherland」創立
The association, which has set itself the task of working towards the fastest possible end of the First World War, include Albert Einstein, Stefan Zweig and Clara Zetkin.


1915/1116:USA「Coca-Cola」
The signature Coca-Cola bottle is granted a US patent.


1919/1116:ルウマニア
Admiral Miklós Horthy moves with his troops to Budapest, which has left the Council of Soviets as a result of the Hungarian-Romanian war since August. Horthy, as conservative, enjoys the consent of the occupying power of Romania.


1928/1116:南極横斷飛行
Hubert Wilkins & Carl Ben Eielson perform the first powered flight in the Antarctic.


1930/1116:Japan「煙突男の演説」
富士瓦斯紡績川崎工場の労働争議で、男が40mの煙突に昇り演説。六日後に工場側が妥協し、130時間ぶりに地上に降りる。



“煙突男”こと田辺潔
 

1934/1116:Carl von Linde 184234、死去

ein deutscher Ingenieur, Erfinder und Gründer eines heute internationalen Konzerns, der Linde AG.


冷凍機とガス分離技術を開発して貢獻。
1895年に供給不足だった黒色火薬の代用として液体酸素を使用した液体酸素爆薬を発明。

1934/1116:Japan、
群馬県桐生市昭和天皇誤導事件。


1938/1116:Robert Nozick 193802、誕生

ロシア系ユダヤ人移民の子供として、USA、NYCのブルックリンで誕生。
an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his books Philosophical Explanations (1981), which included his counterfactual theory of knowledge, and Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971), in which Nozick also presented his own theory of utopia as one in which people can freely choose the rules of the society they enter into

1938/1116:スヰス人「LSD」合成
As part of his research on ergot, the Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann produces lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for the first time.


1939/1116:USA、
Al Capone released from Alcatraz prison.


1940/1116:WWⅡ
Response to the leveling of Coventry by the German Luftwaffe two days before, the Royal Air Force bombs Hamburg.


1940/1116:WWⅡ「Holocaust」
In occupied Poland, the Nazis close off the Warsaw Ghetto from the outside world.

Das Warschauer Ghetto ist von der Außenwelt vollständig abgeriegelt. Rund 350.000 Juden sind eingeschlossen.

1940/1116:USA「New York City's "Mad Bomber"
George Metesky places his first bomb at a Manhattan office building used by Consolidated Edison.


1943/1116:WWⅡ American
bombers strike a hydro-electric power facility and heavy water factory in German-controlled Vemork, Norway.


1944/1116:WWⅡ「Operation Queen
the costly Allied thrust to the Rur, is launched.


1944/1116:WWⅡ「ドイツ空爆
Düren, Germany, is destroyed by Allied bombers.

On the Western Front of World War II, the Allies begin the ultimately unsuccessful Operation Queen. The cities of Jülich and Düren are completely destroyed in the context of the offensive by bombing, Heinsberg heavily devastated.

1945/1116:UNESCO is founded.

国際連合教育科学文化機関ユネスコ)創立総会で「ユネスコ憲章」採択。

1946/1116:Japan「日本語」
内閣が「現代かなづかい」と「当用漢字表」1850字を告示


1952/1116:Charles Maurras 186852、死去

un journaliste, essayiste, homme politique et poète français, académicien, théoricien du nationalisme intégral.


1957/1116:USA
A continuous killing murder case by Ed Gain was discovered.


1959/1116:USA、ミュウジカル「Sound of Music」初演
The musical The Sound of Music by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein has its Broadway premiere at the Lunt-Fontanne Theater.


1960/1116:Clark Gable 190160、死去

an American film actor and military officer, often referred to as "The King of Hollywood" or just simply as "The King".


Gable's final film, The Misfits (1961), united him with Marilyn Monroe (also in her last completed screen appearance).

1965/1116:USSR「Venera program」
The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus, which will be the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet.


1972/1116:ユネスコ世界遺産
The World Heritage Convention adopted at the UNESCO General Assembly.


1973/1116:USA「Skylab program」
NASA launches Skylab 4 with a crew of three astronauts from Cape Canaveral, Florida for an 84-day mission.


1974/1116:人類、地球外へ發信
The Arecibo message to potential extraterrestrials is sent to space in the form of a radio wave signal from the Arecibo observatory.

The Arecibo message is broadcast from the Arecibo Radio Telescope in Puerto Rico. It was aimed at the current location of the globular star cluster Messier 13 some 25,000 light years away. The message will reach empty space by the time it finally arrives since the cluster will have changed position.


1979/1116:ルウマニアに初のメトロ
The first line of Bucharest Metro (Line M1) is opened from Timpuri Noi to Semănătoarea in Bucharest, Romania.


1988/1116:エストニア
The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic declares that Estonia is "sovereign" but stops short of declaring independence.


1988/1116:パキスタン
In the first open election in more than a decade, voters in Pakistan elect populist candidate Benazir Bhutto to be Prime Minister of Pakistan.


1989/1116:エルサルバドル
El Salvadoran army troops kills six Jesuit priests and two others at Jose Simeon Canas University.


1993/1116:Lucia Popp 193993、死去

a Slovak operatic soprano. She began her career as a soubrette soprano, and later moved into the light-lyric and lyric coloratura soprano repertoire


1997/1116:PRChina「人権侵害」
After nearly 18 years of incarceration, the People's Republic of China releases Wei Jingsheng, a pro-democracy dissident, from jail for medical reasons.


2001/1116:
Microsoft's OS software「Windows XP」released.


2002/1116:オランダ「エッシャ美術館」開館
The Escher Museum opens in The Hague, dedicated to the oeuvre of the Dutch artist and graphic artist M. C. Escher.


2006/1116:Milton Friedman 191206、死去

an American economist who received the 1976 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and the complexity of stabilization policy




Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World




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