歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

08/05:アメリカの歴史と神話、Femme Fatale「自由の女神とマリリンモンロウ、

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World


N O W H E R E

歴史暦:古今東西 08/05 今日の出來事


今日は、アメリカにフランスから贈られた「自由の女神」が姿を現はし、
マリリン・モンロウが自殺も疑はれる死體で發見された日でもあります。

この偶然の二つの出來事を重ねては、私はアメリカについて思ひ考へる。
いつも或種の熱氣を、狂氣のやうにおびてゐる(やうに私には見える)人々。
アメリカンドリイムといふ夢に憑かれ、多くの者は夢に疲れ、倦み、そして、
アメリカ人となっていく。世界中から集まってきたエトランジェがかうして
別世界を、それまでとはまるで異質な新世界をつくりだしてきたのであった。

アメリカとは、國家といふより新世界であり、旧世界と本質的に對立してゐる(かのやうに私には見える)。
旧世界にガマンならない人々が世界中から集まり來たり、
 

0025/0805:China[後漢]
Guangwu 光武帝 claims the throne as emperor, restoring the Han(漢) dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin(新) dynasty.

 
 
 

0135/0805:Roman Empire、
Roman armies enter Betar, brutally slaughtering thousands and effectively ending the bar Kokhba revolt.


0642/0805:Battle of Maserfield:
Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Northumbria.

The battle of Maserfield opposes the Anglo-Saxon kings Penda de Mercia and Oswald of Northumbria; The latter is killed and his kingdom is conquered.

0824/0805(弘仁15/0707):051平城安殿077424天皇崩御

050桓武山部073706天皇の第一皇子。母は皇后、藤原式家乙牟漏076090。同母弟に052嵯峨神野078642天皇


式家藥子??0810
{彼には、早良祟道075085天皇の怨靈が憑いてゐた。すくなくとも本人はさう感じてゐた。
{彼の系譜から、悲劇的系列の人物が出てくる。その子の高岳親王079965や阿保親王079242(その子の在原行平081893・在原業平082580ら、

0882/0805:Louis III 086382、死去

Il règne sur la Francie occidentale aux côtés de son frère cadet Carloman II, qui lui survit et règne seul après sa mort.

Vue d'artiste représentant Louis III et Carloman II, par Charles de Steuben, 1837.


ルイ三世は0882/0805、サン=ドニで狩猟中の事故がもとで逝去した。彼には嗣子がなく、弟のカルロマン二世が單獨の王となった。

0910/0805:
The last major Danish army to raid England is defeated at the Battle of Tettenhall by the allied forces of Mercia and Wessex, led by King Edward the Elder and Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians.


0939/0805:
The Battle of Alhandic is fought between Ramiro II of León and Abd-ar-Rahman III at Zamora in the context of the Spanish Reconquista. 

The battle resulted in a victory for the Emirate of Córdoba.

1068/0805:Byzantine–Norman wars:
Italo-Normans begin a nearly-three-year siege of Bari.


1100/0805:England
Henry I is crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.


1278/0805:Spanish Reconquista、
The Siege of Algeciras ends pitting the forces of the Kingdom of Castile against the Emirate of Granada. 

The battle resulted in a Granadan victory.

1305/0805:
William Wallace(who led the Scottish resistance against England)is captured by the English near Glasgow and transported to London where he is put on trial and executed.

William Wallace:a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the Wars of Scottish Independence.
イングランドエドワード1世の過酷なスコットランド支配に対して、スコットランド民衆の国民感情を高めて抵抗運動を行い、1297年のスターリング・ブリッジの戦いでイングランド軍に勝利をおさめた。この戦功で「ジョン王のスコットランド王国の守護官」に任じられるも、1298年のフォルカークの戦いでイングランド軍に敗れたため、職を辞した。その後も反エドワード活動を継続したが、スコットランド貴族の裏切りにあってエドワードに捕らえられ、残虐刑で処刑された。しかし彼の刑死によりスコットランド国民感情は鼓舞され、ついにはエドワードのスコットランド支配を崩壊させるに至った


Wallace は、アメリカ映画『ブレイブハート』1995で主人公として描かれた。

1364/0805(正平19/0707):光厳量仁131364、崩御

「光嚴Kougon量仁kazuhito」持明院統後伏見天皇の第三皇子。生母は女御の寧子(左大臣西園寺公衡の女)
後醍醐天皇の失脚を受けて皇位に就いたが、鎌倉幕府の滅亡により復権した後醍醐が自身の廃位光厳の即位を否定したため、歴代天皇125代の内には含まれず、北朝初代として扱われている



1388/0805:
The Battle of Otterburn(a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England)is fought near Otterburn.


1392/0805:In Korea,
General Yi Song-gye becomes king under the name of T'aejo. He is the first sovereign of the Chos dn dynasty, more often referred to as the "Yi dynasty", named after its founder.


1473/0805:Renaissance
Leonardo da Vinci ha firmato il suo paesaggio di disegno con il fiume. E 'indicato come il primo esempio di una pittura di paesaggio puro nell'arte europea.



1543/0805:
In the struggle for domination in Italy between the houses of Valois and Hapsburg, an allied Franco-Ottoman battle begins with the siege of Nice.



1583/0805:
Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes the first English colony in North America, at what is now St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.

初の北米のイギリス植民地(現在のカナダ・ニューファンドランド・ラブラドール州セントジョンズ)を開設。

1600/0805:
The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.


1620/0805:
The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England on its first attempt to reach North America.


1689/0805:
1500 Iroquois attack the village of Lachine in New France.

Le massacre de Lachine est l'événement durant lequel des colons furent massacrés par des Iroquois, le 5 août 1689 à Lachine. Le nombre de victimes est incertain. Frontenac rapporte 200 personnes tuées et 120 enlevées; des recherches historiques confirment 97 morts. https://is.gd/QGiudx

1667/0805:
La deuxième version de la comédie Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur de Molière déclenche un scandale et est occupé avec l'interdiction de la performance.


1716/0805:
The imperial army under Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the Ottoman army in the battle of Peterwardein.


1729/0805:Thomas Newcomen 166429、死去

an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine in 1712, the Newcomen atmospheric engine. He was an ironmonger by trade and a Baptist lay preacher by calling.



1735/0805:Freedom of the press:
New York Weekly Journal writer John Peter Zenger is acquitted of seditious libel against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true.


1763/0805:Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run:
British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.


1772/0805:First Partition of Poland:
Poland is divided for the first time in a treaty between Russia, Prussia & Austria. 

The Adelsrepublik loses over a quarter of its total area and more than a third of its inhabitants. Frederick the Great secured the bulk of the former Royal Prussian, so that from this point on he could call himself King of Prussia.


1775/0805:
The Spanish sailor Juan de Ayala is the first European to cross the Golden Gate into today's Bay of San Francisco and moor in front of an island called Isla de los Angeles.



1783/0805(天明03/0708):Japan、淺間山大噴火
天明噴火 噴出物総量4.5×108m3、火山爆発指数:VEI4。

A massive eruption of the volcano Asama in Japan costs 1,000 lives. The ashes that rise into the atmosphere have a hard winter and cause assaults in North Japan.

1796/0805:
Napoleon Bonaparte bat les Autrichiens à Castiglione.

A French attack on the French invaded by Napoleon Bonaparte in the country during the Battle of Castiglione was defeated by Field Marshal Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser by the invaders.

1802/0805:Niels Henrik Abel 180229、誕生

a Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields. His most famous single result is the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation in radicals.


1813/0805:Ivar Andreas Aasen 181396、誕生

a Norwegian philologist, lexicographer, playwright, and poet.


1816/0805:
The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.


1824/0805:Greek War of Independence:
Constantine Kanaris leads a Greek fleet to victory against Ottoman and Egyptian naval forces in the Battle of Samos.


1844/0805:Ilya Repin 184430、誕生

ロシアの画家、肖像画と歴史画


Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16th, 1581 (1885)

1850/0805:Guy de Maupassant 185093、誕生


Guy de Maupassant à 7 ans.

{男の子が子供の時に女裝させられる例が西洋人に多いのに、この寫眞を見て思ひだした。


1858/0805:first transatlantic cable、
Cyrus West Field & others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.


1860/0805:Oswald Wirth 186043、誕生

a Swiss occultist, artist and author.


a été le secrétaire de Stanislas de Guaïta, et dessina en collaboration avec lui un Tarot édité aujourd'hui sous le nom de Tarot de Wirth. Ce Tarot est expliqué et commenté dans son ouvrage Le Tarot des imagiers du Moyen Âge, devenu un classique.

His interests also included Freemasonry & Astrology. He wrote many books in French regarding Freemasonry, most importantly a set of three each explaining one of Freemasonry's first three degrees:

1860/0805:Louis Wain 186039、誕生

an English artist best known for his drawings, which consistently featured anthropomorphised large-eyed cats and kittens. In his later years he may have suffered from schizophrenia (although this claim is disputed), which, according to some psychiatrists, can be seen in his works.

H. G. Wells said of him, "He has made the cat his own. He invented a cat style, a cat society, a whole cat world. English cats that do not look and live like Louis Wain cats are ashamed of themselves." HGウェルズはウェインの猫について「彼は自身の猫をつくりあげた。猫のスタイル、社会、世界そのものを創造した。ルイス・ウェインが描く猫とは異なるイギリスの猫は、自らを恥じてしかるべきである」と述べてゐる。





 


1861/0805:American Civil War:
In order to help pay for the war effort, the US government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).


1861/0805:
The United States Army abolishes flogging.


1862/0805:Joseph Merrick 186290、誕生

an English man with very severe deformities who was first exhibited at a freak show as the "Elephant Man",

1862/0805:American Civil War: Battle of Baton Rouge:
Along the Mississippi River near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops attempt to take the city, but are driven back by fire from Union gunboats.


1864/0805:American Civil War: Battle of Mobile Bay
begins at Mobile Bay near Mobile, Alabama, Admiral David Farragut leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.


1874(明治07)/0805:Japan『郵便預規則』公布。
世界で4番目に郵便貯金制度が創設される。

Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.

1882(明治15)/0805:Japan、太政官布告戒厳令」が公布。


1882/0805:USA
The Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.


1884/0805:USA「自由の女神」
The cornerstone for the Statue of Liberty is laid on Bedloe's Island (now Liberty Island) in New York Harbor.


1888/0805:
Bertha Benz drives from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back in the first long distance automobile trip, commemorated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route since 2008.

カアル・ベンツの妻ベルタが(夫の發明品があまりに賣れないので)、(夫に内緒で)マンハイムからプフォルツハイムに行きマンハイムに戻る世界初となる長距離ドライブを試みる。
Ohne Wissen ihres Mannes Carl setzt Bertha Benz sich mit ihren beiden Söhnen Richard und Eugen in den bereits patentierten Motorwagen und fährt 106 Kilometer von Mannheim nach Pforzheim.



1894/0805:二代目桂春團治189453、誕生

初代桂春團治ゆづりの爆笑型の滑稽噺を演じて、初代を凌ぐ人氣を取った。

1895/0805:Friedrich Engels 182095、死去

ein deutscher Philosoph, Gesellschaftstheoretiker, Historiker, Journalist und kommunistischer Revolutionär. Darüber hinaus war er ein erfolgreicher Unternehmer in der Textilindustrie. Er entwickelte gemeinsam mit Karl Marx die heute als Marxismus bezeichnete Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftstheorie.



1897/0805:USA
Edison produced the first commercial film.


1901/0805:Suport
Peter O'Connor sets the first IAAF recognised long jump world record of 24 ft 11.75 in (7.6137 m). The record will stand for 20 years.


1905/0805:Wassily Leontief 190599、誕生

an American economist known for his research on input-output analysis and how changes in one economic sector may affect other sectors.
Leontief won the Nobel Committee's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1973, and four of his doctoral students have also been awarded the prize (Paul Samuelson 1970, Robert Solow 1987, Vernon L. Smith 2002, Thomas Schelling 2005).


1905/0805:
Premier congrès mondial d'espéranto réunissant à Boulogne-sur-Mer 688 locuteurs de 20 pays.

世界語のエスペラントの第一回會議が20ヶ國の參加により開催。

1906/0805:John Huston 190687、誕生

an American film director, screenwriter and actor.

1906/0805:Persian Constitutional Revolution:
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar, King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a constitutional monarchy.


1914/0805:WWⅠ:
The German minelayer SS Königin Luise lays a minefield about 40 miles (64 km) off the Thames Estuary (Lowestoft). She is intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser HMS Amphion.

ドイツの機雷敷設艦ケーニギン・ルイゼがテムズ川河口に機雷を敷設。翌日、イギリスの偵察巡洋艦アンフィオンの攻撃を受け沈没。

1914/0805:WWⅠ、
The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer SS Pfalz which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.


1915/0805:WWⅠ、
Deutsche Truppen besetzen im Ersten Weltkrieg Warschau.



1916/0805:WWⅠ、Battle of Romani:
Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula.


1920/0805:after WWⅠ、
The German Reichstag adopts a majority of the Disarmament Act and thus complies with an obligation under Article 177 of the Versailles Treaty.


1926/0805:Magic
Harry Houdini performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.


1931/0805:
Der Gerichtsassessor und NSDAP-Funktionär Werner Best verfasst die Boxheimer Dokumente für eine gewaltsame Machtübernahme im Deutschen Reich durch Mitglieder der NSDAP.

The court judge and NSDAP official Werner Best writes the Boxheimer documents for a violent takeover of power in the German Reich by members of the NSDAP.

1934/0805:
Massacre of Jews by the Arabs in Constantine (Algeria).


1940/0805:WWⅡ
The Soviet Union formally annexes Latvia.


1941/0805:WWⅡ
The Battle of Smolensk concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet Red Army prisoners.


1944/0805:WWⅡ、
At least 1,104 Japanese POWs in Australia attempt to escape from a camp at Cowra, New South Wales; 545 temporarily succeed but are later killed, commit suicide, or are recaptured.

カウラ事件。オストラリアのカウラの捕虜収容所から史上最多となる545人の日本兵捕虜が脱走。

1944/0805:WWⅡ
Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp (Gęsiówka) in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.


1944/0805:WWⅡ
The Nazis begin a week-long massacre of between 40,000 and 50,000 civilians and prisoners of war in Wola, Poland.


1945/0805:WWⅠ、日米戰爭、
米軍による日本本土「前橋・高崎」、空襲


1949/0805:In Ecuador, an earthquake
destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000.


1955/0805:Germany
Der millionste VW Käfer läuft im Volkswagenwerk in Wolfsburg vom Band.

The millionth VW Beetle runs off the track at the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg.

1960/0805:Independence
Burkina Faso(then known as Upper Volta)becomes independent from France.


1962/0805:
Apartheid in South Africa: Nelson Mandela is jailed. He would not be released until 1990.

南アフリカ共和国の黒人解放運動指導者ネルソン・マンデラが当局に逮捕。国家反逆罪で終身刑となり、1990年の釈放まで獄中で過ごす。

1962/0805:USA
The actress Marilyn Monroe is found in her apartment in Los Angeles lifeless. The autopsy carried out on the same day results in a deadly drug poisoning as the cause of death.

1962/0805:Marilyn Monroe 192662、自殺?

an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic "dumb blonde" characters, she became one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s and was emblematic of the era's attitudes towards sexuality.

 



1963/0805:Nuclear
The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union sign a nuclear test ban treaty.


1963/0805:Nuclear、Japan
広島市で09原水爆禁止世界大会を開催。

社会党・総評系グルウプが要求する部分的核実験禁止条約の支持に共産党系グルウプが反発し、流会。

1964/0805:Vietnam War:
Operation Pierce Arrow: American aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.


1965/0805:
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the Line of Control dressed as locals.


1966/0805:PRChina「文化大革命
人民日報に、劉少奇打倒を示唆する毛沢東の論文『司令部を砲撃せよ - 私の大字報』が掲載。

文化大革命:中国共产党中央委员会主席毛泽东写下『炮打司令部——我的一张大字报』在『人民日报』上發表,矛頭直指當時的國家主席刘少奇。指劉少奇站在資產階級立場,鎮壓無產階級文化大革命,阻礙文革的進行。毛澤東這篇文章正式為歷時十年的文化大革命揭開序幕。

1966/0805:Pop
Beatles the 7th album "Revolver" appears

Revolver, the seventh album of the Beatles, appears.
&
John Lennon says the Beatles are more famous than Jesus Christ.

1967/0805:Pop
Sortie du premier album des Pink Floyd The Piper at the Gates of Dawn


1971/0805:
The first Pacific Islands Forum (then known as the "South Pacific Forum") is held in Wellington, New Zealand, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean.


1974/0805:Vietnam War
The U.S. Congress places a $1 billion limit on military aid to South Vietnam.


1975/0805:Hijack
前日に発生したクアラルンプル事件で、日本政府が犯人の要求に応じ、超法規的措置で服役・拘置中の左翼活動家7人を釈放。


1979/0805:In Afghanistan,
Maoists undertake an attempted military uprising.


1983/0805:中村草田男190183、死去

東京帝國大學國文科卒。高濱虚子187459に師事、『ホトトギス』で客観写生を学びつつ、ニーチェなどの西洋思想から影響を受け、生活や人間性に根ざした句を模索。石田波郷加藤楸邨らとともに人間探求派と呼ばれた。

降る雪や明治は遠くなりにけり
冬の水一枝の影も欺かず
萬緑の中や吾子の歯生え初むる
勇気こそ地の塩なれや梅真白
葡萄食ふ一語一語の如くにて

1984/0805:Richard Burton 192584、死去

a Welsh actor who was noted for his mellifluous baritone voice.
Burton established himself as a formidable Shakespearean actor in the 1950s, and he gave a memorable performance of Hamlet in 1964.


{三日前に誕生した Peter O'Toole 193213 と共演した Becket 1964

1987/0805:澁澤龍彦192887、死去

日本の小説家、フランス文学者、評論家。

1989/0805:
General elections are held in Nicaragua with the Sandinista National Liberation Front winning a majority.


1991/0805:本田宗一郎180691、死去

輸送用機器の本田技研工業(ホンダ)の創業者。
a Japanese engineer and industrialist. In 1948, he established Honda and oversaw its expansion from a wooden shack manufacturing bicycle motors to a multinational automobile and motorcycle manufacturer.


彼は部下を怒る時「よくお前が可愛いから怒るといふが、俺はお前が本当に憎いから怒ってんだ」と言ったさうだ。

1993/0805:Game
Release of the first card game、Magic: the assembly.


1995/0805:Yugoslav Wars
The city of Knin, Croatia, a significant Serb stronghold, is captured by Croatian forces during Operation Storm. The date is celebrated in Croatia as Victory Day.


2003/0805:Bombing
A car bomb explodes in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta outside the Marriott Hotel killing 12 and injuring 150.


2010/0805:Accicent
The Copiapó mining accident occurs, trapping 33 Chilean miners approximately 2,300 ft (700 m) below the ground.





Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World




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