歴史暦:古今東西、今日の出來事

世界が心配、日本が心配、世界のなかの日本が心配

07/23:歴史の天使の悪魔の証明「あったことをなかったことに、なかったことをあったことに

Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World

奈良、興福寺の五重塔

歴史暦:古今東西 07/23 今日の出來事


今日大暑、青息吐息のアオダイショウ

涼しい所にばかりゐたら涼しさは感じなくなる。
暑い所にばかりゐたら暑さを感じなく、ならない。

うまい物ばかり食べてゐたら、うまさを感じなくなる。
まづい物ばかり食べてゐたら、うまさを感じるやうに、なります。

今日大暑、ウナギ食ひたし、アオダイショウ

0760/0723(天平寶字04/0607):藤原光明子070160、薨去

日本の奈良時代、045聖武首070156天皇の皇后。藤原不比等065920と橘三千代066533の女子。諱は安宿媛。通稱、光明子藤三娘。正式な尊號は「天平應眞仁正皇太后」。

彼女の自筆の署名(「藤原氏の第三女」と


この十一面觀音は天竺から渡來した佛師、問答師(阿修羅像なども彼の作品とされてゐる)が光明皇后を模して作ったと傳承されてきましたが、どうやら光明皇后の時代よりは百年ほど後の九世紀前半の制作といふことのやうです。

彼女にはいろいろな逸話や傳説が付與されました。なかでも有名なものが、母親讓りで熱心な佛教信者だった彼女が作った悲田院でのこと、彼女がみづから癩病患者の膿を吸ったといふものがあります。膿を吸われた癩病患者は佛に變身、 …… ちょっとうろ覺えなので、後から調べて書きます。


0781/0723(天應01/0624):石上宅嗣072981、死去

「Isonokami no Yakatsugu」奈良朝の公卿。左大臣だった石上麻呂064117の孫。官位、正三位、大納言。
当代一流の知識人であり、風采もよかったらしい。

0811/0723:
Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures khan Krum's treasury.


0992/0723(正暦03/0606):藤原爲光094292、死去

藤原平安朝時代の公家。右大臣藤原師輔090960の九男。法住寺を建立。
藤原兼家092990との出世爭ひ、勝ったり負けたり

1148/0723:In the Second Crusade,
the Siege of Damascus begins through the united armies of the kings Balduin III, Konrad III. And Ludwig VII.

The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings, namely Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, with help from a number of other European nobles. The armies of the two kings marched separately across Europe.


The Mediterranean world after the Second Crusade in 1173
 

1319/0723:A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet off Chios.

The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Latin: Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), also known as the Order of Saint John, Order of Hospitallers, Knights Hospitaller, Knights Hospitalier or Hospitallers, is the medieval Catholic military order that continued into the contemporary Sovereign Military Order of Malta, which remains a sovereign subject of international law. It was headquartered variously in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta, until it became known by its current name.


 
 

1503/0723:Anna Jagiello 150347、誕生

Anne Jagellon, reine de Bohême et de Hongrie de 1526 à 1547
Sie war die Ehefrau von Ferdinand I., dem späteren Kaiser des Heiligen Römischen Reiches. Sie gebar 15 Kinder, 1547 starb sie im Kindbett.


1532/0723:
Kaiser Karl V. & die Protestanten vereinbaren im Nürnberger Religionsfrieden zum ersten Mal (befristet) eine gegenseitige Rechts- und Friedensgarantie für die gegenwärtigen „konfessionellen Besitzstände“.

The Emperor Charles V and the Protestants agreed in the Nuremberg religious peace for the first time (temporary) a mutual guarantee of rights and peace for the present "confessional acquis".

1579/0723(天正07/0630):策彦周良150179、死去

策彦周良「Sakugen-ShuuRyou」、日本の戰國時代の臨濟宗の禪僧。
当時の戰國大名との交際も多かった。

1632/0723:France imigrant
Plus de 300 personnes quittent Dieppe et émigrent pour la Nouvelle-France.

300 colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe, France.

1649/0723:Clemens XI 164921、誕生

born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700/1123 to his death in 1721.


彼は知識人的であったが、それゆゑか、
1713、教皇勅書『Unigenitus』で、ジャンセニムスを公的に批判。これが「ガリカニスム教會」とも呼ばれる獨自路線を歩んでゐたフランスの教會におほきな論議と反撥を引き起こした。また、
東方への宣教で、中國で論議となった典禮論爭では、ドミニコ會やフランシスコ會を支持し、イエズス會が認めた土着の先祖崇敬を偶像崇拜として禁止したりして、
ロウマ教皇の權威をみづから搖るがしてしまった。

1677/0723:Scanian War:
Denmark–Norway captures the harbor town of Marstrand from Sweden.


1736/0723(元文01/0615):Japan、Coinage
元文改鋳:「元文小判」「元文丁銀」の通用、開始。

元文小判は、元文01/05に鋳造が始まり、06に運用開始された一兩としての額面を持つ小判で「文字小判」とも呼ぶ。また、元文小判と元文一分判を總稱して「元文金」「文字金」あるいは「眞文金」と呼ぶ。

1757/0723:
Im Siebenjährigen Krieg schießen die Österreicher die Stadt Zittau in Schutt und Asche.


1777/0723:Philipp Otto Runge 177710、誕生

Einer der Künstler die Romantik Deutschland zu vertreten.



1793/0723:Preussen、
Mit der Kapitulation gegenüber den preußischen Truppen enden Belagerung und Mainzer Republik.

Kingdom of Prussia re-conquers Mainz from France.

1811/0723(文化08/0604):Japan[江戸幕府]、Golovnin Incident

The Golovnin Incident involved the capture of Russian explorer and naval captain, Vasily Golovnin, by soldiers of the Japanese Shogunate in accordance of Japan's policy of isolationism (Sakoku 鎖國).
Golovnin was interned in Japan for two years before being released in 1813.
The incident was an important flashpoint in Russo-Japanese relations over the control of the Kuril islands.

 

1821/0723:Greece
While the Mora Rebellion continues, Greeks capture Monemvasia Castle. Turkish troops and citizens are transferred to Minor Asia coasts.


1829/0723:Patent「Typographer」
In the United States, William Austin Burt patents the typographer, a precursor to the typewriter.


1833/0723:Spencer Cavendish 183308、誕生

British nobleman, politician.
He served as a minister in the Liberal Party administration during the Victorian period and from 1875 to 1880 served as Liberal Party leader on behalf of William Gladstone who temporarily retired
In 1886 he opposed Prime Minister Gladstone's opposition to the Irish autonomy policy and withdrew from the Liberal Party and formed a Free Unification Party with Joseph Chamberlain and became its leader


1836/0723(天保07/0610):山岡鐵舟183688、誕生

日本、幕臣の家に生まれ、長じて劍術家となり、江戸城無血開城に活躍する


四日前に死亡記事で紹介したばかりだが、寫眞が素敵なのでまた紹介する。まさに武士の風格そのもの。

1840/0723:Canada
The Province of Canada is created by the Act of Union.

The British Unions Act regulates the emergence of the province of Canada in the following year from the combination of Upper and Lower Canada.

1862/0723:American Civil War:
Henry Halleck takes command of the Union Army.


1867/0723(慶應03/0622):武田觀柳斎??1867、死去

新撰組隊士、五番隊組長、文學師範。出雲國母里藩士の家に生まれる。脱藩、江戸に出て、甲州流軍學を納め、武田を稱した。1863頃に新撰組に參加、軍学者として近藤勇183468に重用される。が、

1867/0723(慶應03/0622):Japan[幕末]、薩摩藩土佐藩の盟約

薩摩藩の西郷從道184302・大久保利通183078、土佐藩坂本龍馬183667・中岡愼太郎183867ら、薩土盟約を締結

1866/0723:USA、
Oliver Winchester begins with the serial production of Winchester rifles.

 
 

1875/0723:Isaac Merrit Singer 181175、死去

an American inventor, actor, and businessman. He made important improvements in the design of the sewing machine and was the founder of the Singer Sewing Machine Company.


1881/0723:Chile & Aegentina
The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is signed in Buenos Aires.


1882/0723(光緒08/0608):Korea、壬午事変
朝鮮の漢城で興宣大院君らの煽動を受けた兵士が反乱が起こし、閔妃一族や日本公使館員らを殺害。


1885/0723:Ulysses Simpson Grant 182285、死去

the 18th President of the United States (1869–77). As Commanding General (1864–69), Grant worked closely with President Abraham Lincoln to lead the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy in the American Civil War.


戦争は数多くの作り話を生み出し、そのなかには眞實だと信じこまれるまで繰り返し語られるものもある。――『私的回想録』1885
 

1888/0723:Raymond Chandler 188859、誕生

an American novelist & screenwriter.
{私にとって一番の讀書の愉しみを味あはせてくれた人かも知れない。死去した日の時に存分語らせてもらふ。

≫ There is no trap so deadly as the trap you set for yourself. 自分で自分に仕掛ける罠ほどタチのわるい罠はない。

≫ The more you reason the less you create
≫ Without magic, there is no art. Without art, there is no idealism. Without idealism, there is no integrity. Without integrity, there is nothing but production
≫ A good story cannot be devised; it has to be distilled
 

1894(明治24)/0723:Japan & China、日清戦争:
日本軍が朝鮮王宮に侵攻。

les troupes japonaises investissent le palais royal de Séoul et renversent le roi de Corée.

1901/0723:
Robert Koch deutscher Arzt stellte die Theorie auf, dass der Träger der Beulenpest sind Ratten.

Robert Koch German doctor introduced the theory that the bearers of bubonic plague are rats.

1903/0723:USA、
The Ford Motor Company brings model A to the US market.


1904/0723:Apparition du cône glacé.



1906/0723:児玉源太郎185206、死去

日本の陸軍軍人(軍神と讚へられた)。陸軍大将、正二位・勲一等・功一級、子爵。日露戦争において満州軍総参謀長を勤め、乃木希典184912を助け、勝利に貢献。


1908/0723:
The 2nd Constitution accepted by the Ottomans.

青年トルコ人革命: オスマン帝国皇帝アブデュルハミト2世が反乱部隊の要求をのんで憲法の復活を宣言。青年トルコ人革命終結

1914/0723:
Austria-Hungary issues a series of demands in an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia demanding Serbia to allow the Austrians to determine who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Serbia accepts all but one of those demands and Austria declares war on July 28.

オウストリア&ハンガリ帝國、背リビア最後通牒を突き付ける=サラエボ事件

1916/0723:William Ramsay 185216、死去

a British chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "


1920/0723:Amalia Rodrigues 192099、誕生

uma fadista, cantora e actriz portuguesa, geralmente aclamada como a voz de Portugal e uma das mais brilhantes cantoras do século XX.
 


1921/0723:PRChina、
中國共產黨第一次全國代表大會在上海開幕,中國共產黨成立。

The Communist Party of China (CPC) launched the first time of founding National Congress, Communist party in China are established.
中国共産党第一次全国代表大会が開かれる(~0731)。中国共産党が発足。

1926/0723:Movie、Talkie
Fox Film buys the patents of the Movietone sound system for recording sound onto film.


1929/0723:Italy
The Fascist government in Italy bans the use of foreign words.


1936/0723:Spain
In Catalonia, the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia is founded through the merger of Socialist and Communist parties.


1940/0723:The United States'
Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles issues a declaration on the U.S. non-recognition policy of the Soviet annexation and incorporation of three Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. (Wells Declaration).

サムナ・ウェルズ米国務次官がバルト諸国のソ連への編入を承認しない旨を宣言。

1942/0723:Deutsch, Holocaust:
The Treblinka extermination camp is opened.


1942/0723:WWⅡ、
The German offensives Operation Edelweiss and Operation Braunschweig begin.


1942/0723:
Bulgarian poet & Communist leader Nikola Vaptsarov is executed by firing squad.


1943/0723:
The Rayleigh bath chair murder occurred in Rayleigh, Essex, England.


1943/0723:WWⅡ、
The British destroyers HMS Eclipse & HMS Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser HMS Newfoundland.


1945/0723:WWⅡ、France,
Ouverture du procès Pétain.

The post-war legal processes against Philippe Pétain begin.


{危急存亡の時にどうしてこんな老人を、とどうしても思ってしまふ。そして、彼に罪をおっ被せてしまふ。ドイツ人はヒトラに、フランス人はペタンに。

1946/0723:阪田三吉187046、死去

明治から昭和の初めに活躍した傳説の將棋差し、


阪妻が演じた映画の「阪田三吉」とは隨分感じがちがひますな、

1948/0723:David Wark Griffith 187548、死去

an American director, writer, and producer who pioneered modern filmmaking techniques.


He was a person who built the foundation of movie grammar and established various film technologies (montage, cut back, close-up, etc.), and raised the movie to artistic area. Directorial works such as the first feature film in the movie "Creation of the nationals" and "Intolerance" are culmination of his skill and are still counted as masterpieces of American movies.

1951/0723:Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain 185651、死去

un militaire, diplomate et homme d'État français.

1951/0723:Poland
In Polen wird Jürgen Stroop, 1943 für die Niederschlagung des Aufstandes im Warschauer Ghetto verantwortlich, zum zweiten Mal zum Tode verurteilt.

In Poland, Jürgen Stroop, who was responsible for the suppression of the uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto in 1943, was sentenced to death for the second time.

1952/0723:Europe
The European Coal and Steel Community is established.

パリ条約の発効により欧州石炭鉄鋼共同体が発足。

1952/0723:Egypt
General Muhammad Naguib leads the Free Officers Movement (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real power behind the coup) in overthrowing King Farouk of Egypt.

エジプトでガマル・アブドゥン=ナセルの自由将校団がクウデタ、政権を掌握。

1961/0723:in Nicaragua、
The Sandinista National Liberation Front is founded.

 

1962/0723:
The International Agreement on the Neutrality of Laos is signed.


1966/0723:Montgomery Clift 192066、死去

an American film and stage actor. The New York Times’ obituary of Clift noted his portrayal of "moody, sensitive young men"


1966/0723:Iraq
Escape of Saddam Hussein during a transfer to another prison.


1967/0723:USA、12th Street Riot:
In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city. It ultimately kills 43 people, injures 342 and burns about 1,400 buildings.


1968/0723:USA、Glenville shootout:
In Cleveland, Ohio, a violent shootout between a Black Militant organization and the Cleveland Police Department occurs. During the shootout, a riot begins and lasts for five days.


1968/0723:Hijacking
The only successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft takes place when a Boeing 707 carrying ten crew and 38 passengers is taken over by three members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. 

The aircraft was en route from Rome, to Lod, Israel.

1970/0723:
Qaboos bin Said al Said becomes Sultan of Oman after overthrowing his father, Said bin Taimur initiating massive reforms, modernization programs and end to a decade long civil war.


1973/0723:Hijacking
Japan Air Lines Flight 404 was a passenger flight which was hijacked by Palestinian & Japanese terrorists on July 20, 1973.
On July 23, 89 hours after the hijacking began, the passengers and crew were released; the hijackers then blew up the aircraft.


1974/0723:
The Greek military junta collapses, and former Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis is invited to lead the new government, beginning Greece's metapolitefsi era.


1979/0723:Joseph Kessel 189879、死去

un aventurier, journaliste, reporter, aviateur, résistant et romancier français, membre de l'Académie française,


私はケッセルの『昼顔』は、ブニュエルによる映画で見ましたが、原作は讀んではゐません。また、ふと思ひだしましたが、『ジャッカルの日』も映画で見てコウフンしましたが、原作は讀んでゐません。何時頃からか小説の類はほとんど讀まなくなりました。

1981/0723:田岡一雄191381、死去

日本のヤクザ、実業家。山口組三代目組長。

酒席で田岡の顔に接吻する榎本健一 1951

1982/0723:Japan、集中豪雨
九州地方北部の集中豪雨により長崎市を中心に大被害。死者・行方不明者計299名。(長崎大水害

Major damage mainly to Nagasaki city due to concentrated torrential rain in the northern part of the Kyushu district. There were 299 people totaling dead & missing.

1982/0723:鯨
The International Whaling Commission adopted the "Commercial Whaling Moratorium" full ban on commercial whaling from 1986.

国際捕鯨委員会で1986年からの商業捕鯨全面禁止案「商業捕鯨モラトリアム」が採択。

1983/0723:SriLanka Civil War
13 Sri Lanka Army soldiers are killed after a deadly ambush by the militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.

スリランカ内戦: 『タミルイラム・解放のトラ (LTTE)』 が政府軍を襲撃し13人を殺害。26年におよぶスリランカ内戦が始まる。

1983/0723:

Gimli Glider: Air Canada Flight 143 runs out of fuel and makes a deadstick landing at Gimli, Manitoba.

1983/0723:Japan、集中豪雨
Concentrated heavy rain in the western Shimane prefecture. There were 107 people dead and missing.

島根県西部に集中豪雨。死者・行方不明者、107。

1988/0723:Burma
General Ne Win(effective ruler of Burma since 1962)resigns after pro-democracy protests.


1989/0723:Japan、Sirial Killer
連續誘拐殺人犯の宮崎勤を別のワイセツ事件で逮捕。

Miyazaki Tsutomu (later known as the Tokyo・Saitama continuous girl kidnapping murder case) arrested by another indecent affair.

1991/0723:片倉衷189891、死去

「Katakura Tadashi」、日本の陸軍少將、戰後は實業家に天津。

1930陸軍参謀部付に移動、翌年十月から關東軍參謀に。翌年九月、關東軍高級參謀板垣征四郎188548大佐、作戰主任石原莞爾188949中佐らによる柳条湖事件により滿洲事變が勃發。片倉は石原の持論の滿蒙問題解決案に強い影響を受け「満州派」の一人となった。

1992/0723:
A Vatican commission establishes that limiting certain rights of homosexual people and non-married couples is not equivalent to discrimination on grounds of race or gender.


1992/0723:Independence
Abkhazia declares independence from Georgia.

アブハジアグルジアからの独立を宣言。グルジアはこれを認めずアブハジア紛争が勃発。

1995/0723:
Comet Hale–Bopp is discovered; it becomes visible to the naked eye on Earth nearly a year later.

過去に観測された彗星の中でも最大級の彗星、發見。


1999/0723:Hijacking
ANA Flight 61 is hijacked in Tokyo, Japan by Yuji Nishizawa.


2002/0723:Europe
The European Coal & Steel Community disbanded due to the expiration of the Paris Convention. The European Community will take over the function.

パリ条約の失効により欧州石炭鉄鋼共同体が解散。機能は欧州共同体が引き継ぐ。

2005/0723:London
The police officer who was alarmed after the simultaneous bombings in London shot Brazilian men in the London subway, afterwards it turns out that the man is unrelated to terrorism and calls ripples.

ロンドン同時爆破事件後の警戒にあたってゐた警察官がロンドン地下鉄内でブラジル人男性を射殺。後に男性がテロと無関係である事が判明し、波紋を呼ぶ。
 

2005/0723:Bombing
Three bombs explode in the Naama Bay area of Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, killing 88 people.


2015/0723:NASA
announces discovery of Kepler-452b by Kepler.


2016/0723:Bombing
Kabul twin bombing occurred in the vicinity of Deh Mazang when protesters, mostly from the Shiite Hazara minority, were marching against route changing of the TUTAP power project. At least 80 people were killed and 260 were injured.





Art of Heart ∈ 思考 69 空想 ∋ Word of World




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